Psychology/Developement

Question 1

Who developed attachment theory

Answer 1

John Bowlby developed attachment theory

Question 2

Margaret Mahler stages of separation-individuation:

Answer 2

1. Normal autism (birth to 2 months): baby spends more time asleep than awake
2. Symbiosis (2-5 months): baby developing ability to distinguish the inner from the outer world. Perceives itself as being part of a single entity with its mother
3. Differentiation (5-10 months): child is drawn further into the outside world and begins to distinguish itself from its mother
4. Practicing (10-18 months): baby’s ability to move independently and explore the outside world
5. Rapprochement (18-24 months): child’s independence vacillates with its need for its mother. The child moves away from the mother, then quickly returns for reassurance
   Object Constancy (2-5 years): child understands the permanence of other people, even when they are not present

Question 3

Eric Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development through the life cycle include:

Answer 3

Basic Trust vs. Basic Mistrust (birth to 1 year of age)
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt (1 to 3 years of age)
Initiative vs. Guilt (3 to 5 years of age)
Industry vs. Inferiority (6 to 11 years of age)
Identity vs. Role Confusion (12 to 18 years of age)
Intimacy vs. Isolation (19 to 40 years of age)
Generativity vs. Stagnation (40 to 65 years of age)
Integrity vs. Despair and Isolation (65 years of age and older)