Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych Board Review > Medications/Pharm > Flashcards

Medications/Pharm Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

MOA of Valproic Acid

A

Valproic acid increases Na+ channel inactivation and increases GABA concentration by inhibiting GABA transaminase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

MAO of Carbidopa →

A

inhibits DOPA decarboxylase and thereby prevents the peripheral metabolism of levodopa to dopamine before it can cross the blood–brain barrier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Tobacco smoking is a potent inducer of ________

A

CYP 1A2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which antipsychotic is a serotonin 1A agonist and also has SNRI properties

A

Ziprasidone

blockade of the 5-HT 1A receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Carbamazepine is inducer of CYP _____ and ____

A
  • Carbamazepine is inducer of CYP 2C19 and 3A4
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How does cabamazepine interact with lamotrigene?

A
  • Carbamazepine is inducer of CYP 2C19 and 3A4
    • does not affect clozapine levels (but don’t use it because agranulocytosis risk)
    • Will decrease warfarin, alprazolam, propranolol, citalopram levels
    • Lowers lamotrigine by induction of glucuronidation 1A4
      *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Buspirone works on _________

A
  • Buspirone works on serotonin 1A partial agonist
    • Can increase haloperidol levels ; takes 2-3 weeks to work ; can’t use with MAOis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

WHich AED lowers efficacy of OCPs the most?

A

AEDs have the warning for lower oral contraception efficacy ; carbamazepine lowers OCPs the mos

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

best TCA for childhood enuresis

A

Imipramine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Memantine MOA

A
  • Memantine → antagonist of NMDA → slows Ca++ influx (halt cell destruction)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

cholinesterase inhibitors

A

Tacrine, donepezil, galantamine, rivastigmine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Bupropion is a CYP ________ _______

A

Bupropion is a CYP 2D6 inhibitor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  • selective for MAO-B
A

Selegeline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Metabolism of Paliperidone vs Risperidone

A
  • Paliperidone goes through the kidneys (80%); risperidone goes through liver to become paliperidone
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lithium toxicity Levels

  • Mild/mod ______ → ________________________
A
  • Mild/mod 1.5-2.0 → vomiting, abdominal pain, ataxia, dizziness, slurred speech, dry mouth
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lithium Toxiity:

  • Mod/severe ______ → ________________________
A
  • Mod/severe 2.0-2.5 → anorexia, muscle fasciculations, clonus, increased DTRs, other movements, seizures, delirium, circulatory failure
    *
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Lithium Toxiity:

  • Severe → ______ → ________________________
A

Severe >2.5 → seizures, oliguria, renal failure, death

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atomoxetine

A
  • NE reuptake inhibitor for ADHD
  • takes 10 weeks to take effect
  • once-daily
  • ⇒dizziness, decrease appetite, dyspepsia
  • carries black box for suicidality
  • metabolized by liver and can be mixed with other stimulants
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How dose Botulum Toxin work?

A
  • Botulinum toxin works by blocking Ach release from presynaptic terminals (irreversible)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Wht is the surgery for severe, refractory OCD?

A

Surgery for OCD is anterior capsulotomy/cingulotomy (anterior limb of the internal capsule)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

MEdications that INCREASE clozapine levels?

A
  • Clozapine increased by cimetidine, SSRIs, TCAs, VPA, and erythromycin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

MEdications that DECREASE clozapine levels?

A
    • Carbemazepine and phenytoin will decrease clozapine levels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

________ is a CYP2D6 inhibitor whereas _______ is a CYP2D6 substrate.

A
  • Bupropion is a CYP2D6 inhibitor whereas nortriptyline is a CYP2D6 substrate.
24
Q

Galantamine is contraindicated in ______ impairment

A

Galantamine is contraindicated in severe renal and hepatic impairment

25
Q

Rivastigmine is contraindicated in ________ impairment

A
  • Rivastigmine is contraindicated in hepatic impairment
26
Q
  • Pimavanserin
A
  • inverse agonist at the 5HT-2A receptor
  • does not antagonize the D2 receptor like typical antipsychotics.
  • only FDA-approved medication for treatment of psychosis in Parkinson’s disease
27
Q

MOA of Gabapentin

A

mechanism of action involves inhibition of the alpha 2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels

28
Q

Which class of anti-depressants are associated with NARROW-angle glaucoma?

A

TCAs

29
Q

antagonist of serotonin 5-HT2A, dopamine (D1, D3, and D4), and alpha receptors (specifically alpha 1 receptors

A

Clozapine

30
Q

MOA of lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A
  • inhibits ADH-stimulated translocation of cytoplasmic urinary aquaporin 2 (AQP2) to the apical membrane on the collecting duct
  • down-regulation of channel aquaporin-2 in the luminal wall of the cell’s surface, leading to decreased urine osmolality and increased urine volume (polyuria).
31
Q

TREATMENT of f lithium-induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

A
  • amiloride, a potassium-sparing diuretic that reduces lithium uptake in the cells of the collecting duct improving responsiveness to ADH-stimulated translocation of AQP2 to the membrane of the principal cells.
32
Q

Buspirone mechanisms of action:

A
  • 5HT1A receptor partial agonist at postsynaptic receptors in the hippocampus and cortex,
  • 5HT1A receptor full agonist at presynaptic receptors
  • presynaptic dopamine antagonist at D2, D3, and D4 receptors
    • partial α1 receptor agonist.
33
Q

Monitoring in pregnancy on Lithium

A
  • Draw alpha fetoprotein before 20 weeks gestation to rule out neural defects
  • High-res fetal US done at 16-18 weeks to rule out cardiac malformations
    • At 34 weeks Li levels drawn weekly
34
Q

How does dutasteride aid in treatment of PMDD?

A

Medication is a 5 alpha reductase inhibitor that blocks the conversion of progesterone to Allopregnanolone (5α-reduced neurosteroid metabolite) which is indicated in mood symptoms in PMDD

35
Q

____________ is a metabolite of ________and is less anticholinergic than most other TCAs, making it less sedating, less orthostatic

A

Nortriptyline is a metabolite of amitriptyline and is less anticholinergic than most other TCAs, making it less sedating, less orthostatic,

36
Q

Which genetic test should be given before prescribing this psychotropic in Asian pts?

A

HLA-B*1502 allele; Carbamazepine

37
Q
  • Acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin, can reduce the elimination of valproic acid
  • Cholestyramine can reduce the absorption of valproic acid from the intestine.
  • Carbamazepine and phenytoin can increase the elimination of valproic acid
A
  • Acetylsalicylic acid, aspirin, can reduce the elimination of valproic acid
  • Cholestyramine can reduce the absorption of valproic acid from the intestine.
  • Carbamazepine and phenytoin can increase the elimination of valproic acid
38
Q

Drugs that decrease TCA concentrations

A
  • Drugs that decrease TCA concentrations include ascorbic acid, lithium, barbiturates, and primidone.
    • Also cigarette smoking via induction of the cytochrome P450 1A2 enzyme
39
Q

Interaction of Fluxoitene and Cardic medications?

A
  • Fluoxetine (along with paroxetine) is a strong 2D6 inhibitor ⇒ inhibit the metabolism of commonly used cardiovascular medications (e.g., S-metoprolol).
    • Increased levels of S-metoprolol (secondary to 2D6 inhibition of its metabolism) may cause bradycardia such as that experienced by the patient.
  • The active metabolite of fluoxetine (norfluoxetine) has a half-life of 2 weeks and thus may cause drug-drug interactions with cardiovascular medications as long as 2-to-3 months after it is discontinued.
    *
40
Q

Z-drugs are metabolized by _______

A

CYP3A4

41
Q

Z-drugs are metabolized by _______

A

CYP3A4

42
Q

What is indicated in cases of anticholinergic poisoning?

A
  • Physostigmine amplifies the effect of acetylcholine by inhibiting its breakdown. It is indicated in cases of anticholinergic poisoning.
43
Q

What is given in cases of organophosphate poisoning?

A
  • Pralidoxime works by reactivating acetylcholinesterase. It is given in cases of organophosphate poisoning.
44
Q

MAO of Zofran

A

Ondansetron is a 5HT-3 selective serotonin receptor antagonist, and it acts as a centrally acting antiemetic via inhibition of the vagal nerves to the CNS and gastrointestinal tract

45
Q

Mirtazapine

  • Mirtazapine is a ________ antidepressant
    • Antagonism ________ → increased firing of NE and 5HT receptors
    • Antagonism of _____ and _______ → anxiolytic and hypnotic effects
    • _____ receptor blockade→ combat serious GI effects of cancer chemotherapy + appetite stimulation
    • Antagonist of ____ receptors → increased somnolence + increased appetite
    • ________ blockade → anxiolytic and useful in the treatment of PTSD
A
  • Mirtazapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant
    • Antagonism alpha-2 adrenergic → increased firing of NE and 5HT receptors
    • Antagonism of 5HT2 and 5HT3 → anxiolytic and hypnotic effects
    • 5HT3 receptor blockade→ combat serious GI effects of cancer chemotherapy + appetite stimulation
    • Antagonist of H1 receptors → increased somnolence + increased appetite
    • Alpha1 adrenergic blockade → anxiolytic and useful in the treatment of PTSD
46
Q

Tx for TCA toxicity

A

Sodium Bicarb

TCA toxicity → cardiac arrhythmia, convulsions, confusion, coma, acidosis, and hypotension

47
Q

only FDA approved for the preventative treatment of major depressive disorder with seasonal pattern

A

Bupropion

48
Q

How do you treat ADHD patient with Tourette’s syndrome

A
  • treated with Atomoxetine. Traditional stimulants can worsen tics
49
Q

What causes Antipsychotic induced priapism?

A
  • due to blockade of the alpha-1 receptor in the corpora cavernosa. Any atypical antipsychotic can cause priapism. Risperidone has the greatest affinity to the alpha 1 adrenergic receptor and thus has the most reports. Olanzapine is the least likely.
50
Q

_________ Inhibit enzyme that converts ATP to cAMP → suppression of NE release from locus coeruleus

A

Opioids

51
Q

Timeframe for alcohol withdrawal

A
  • Alcohol withdrawal tremulousness (the shakes or the jitters) usually begins 6 to 8 hours after cessation of drinking.
  • Psychotic and perceptual symptoms begin 8 to 12 hours and
  • seizures usually occur between 12 and 24 hours after the last drink.
    • The onset of delirium tremens, if it is going to happen, will occur between 72 hours and up to 1 week after the last drink.
52
Q

Which opioids appear to be weak serotonin reuptake inhibitors and have all been involved in serotonin toxicity

A

phenylpiperidine series of opioids:

  • pethidine (meperidine)
  • tramadol
  • methadone
  • dextromethorphan
  • propoxyphene
    *
53
Q

What is Acomplia (rimonabant)

A

CB-1 receptor blocker that blocks the effects of THC, but side effects of severe depression and SI prevented its entry into the market.

54
Q

Cocaine______ the concentration of dopamine by _____________ which plays a vital role in reward and mood.

A
  • Cocaine increases the concentration of dopamine by blocking the dopamine reuptake transporters (DAT) which plays a vital role in reward and mood.
55
Q

What genetics are shown to produce a substantial increase in psychosis with cannabis use.

A

T_he presence of Val/Val and Val/Met genotypes for_ COMT (Val158Met) in both homozygous and heterozygous genetic compositions → shown to produce a substantial increase in psychosis with cannabis use.

56
Q

What genetics are shown to produce a substantial increase in psychosis with cannabis use.

A
  • T_he presence of Val/Val and Val/Met genotypes for_ COMT (Val158Met) in both homozygous and heterozygous genetic compositions
    • rs2494732 of AKT1 influences
57
Q

Which active metabolite is responsible for the psychostimulant effect of caffeine?

A

Paraxanthines

Psych Board Review (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions