Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

BIO 410 > Psychology Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Psychology Chapter 2 Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

neuron

A

basic unit of cell communication ;highly specialized and transmits electrical and chemical signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

sensory neuron

A

conveys info from the senses/environment to the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Motor neurons

A

responsible for info going to/from muscles and glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

mirror neuron

A

activated by watching other peoples actions; allows us to feel what other people are thinking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Interneurons

A

communicate between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

neuroscience

A

study of the nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

3 basic components of a neuron

A

cell body, dendrites,axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cell body (soma)

A

contains neuron’s nucleus and determines if it will fire

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dendrites (little trees)

A

receive info from other cell and deliver it to the cell body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

axon (axle)

A

conducts impulses away from cell body and transmits them to other neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

myelin sheath

A

fatty covering wrapped around axons like sausage links to help increase communication speed and protect axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

glial cells (most abundant cell in the brain) 4

A

glue of the brain; provide support, nutrients, remove debris and make myelin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

nodes of ranvier

A

divits on myelin sheath that divide it onto segments and allow signals to “jump” through the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Multiple Sclerosis

A

degeneration of the myelin sheath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Action potential

A

electrical impulse; sodium potassium across axon membrane; ion channels (sodium in to make + and potassium out to make - again)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

nerve

A

bundle of neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

stimulus threshold

A

minimum level of stimulation to activate neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Communication between neurons switches from_____ to____

A

electrical to chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

synapse

A

point of communication between two nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

synaptic gap

A

space between axon of one nerve and dendrite of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

axon terminals

A

branches at the end of an axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

synaptic vesicles

A

tiny pouches in terminal that contain neurotransmitters

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

neurotransmitters

A

chemical messengers made by the neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

synaptic transmission

A

neurotransmitters crossing the synaptic gap to receptor site of a dendrite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
reuptake
recycling of neurotransmitters by presynaptic neuron
26
acetylcholine
neurotransmitter responsible for muscle contractions, learning, and memory (Alzhiemers)
27
Dopamine
neurotransmitter responsible for movement, thought processes, and rewarding sensation (Drugs, parkinsons, and schizophrenia)
28
Serotonin
emotional states, sleep, sensory perception (depression)
29
Endorphines
pain perception, positive emotions (opioid addiction)
30
agonist
drug that binds to receptor sites
31
antagonist
blocks receptor sites
32
Central nervous system
nervous system containing brain and spinal cord
33
Peripheral Nervous system
all potions of nervous system that are connected to the brain and spinal cord
34
spinal reflexes
simple automatic behaviors that occur without any brain involvement
35
Somatic nervous system
(aka skeletal nervous system; voluntary) part of PNS that communicates sensory info to the CNS and carries motor messages from the CNS to the muscles
36
Autonomic
part of PNS that regulates involuntary function (organs)
37
Sympathetic NS
part of ANS; rapid reflexes/ fight or flight response/ prepare for an emergency
38
Parasympathetic NS
part of ANS; maintains normal body functions and conserves physical resources
39
Phrenology
Franz Gall: different bumps of the brain performed different tasks (pseudoscience)
40
Localization of Function
specialization of different areas of the brain for particular function
41
Endocrine system
system of glands located throughout the body that secrete hormones
42
hormones
chemical messages secreted into the blood stream
43
pituitary gland
regulates production of hormones by other glands
44
functional plactisity
brains ability to move functions from damaged area to working ones
45
structural plasticity
brains ability to change shape as it develops
46
neurogenesis
development of new neurons
47
Hindbrain
(reptilian brain) coordinates info coming in and out of the spinal cord; primitive part of brain
48
medula
H: controls vital life functions; coordinates heart and breathing
49
Pons
H: connects the medulla to the two sides of the cerebellum
50
cerebellum (little brain)
H: coordination, balance, muscle tone, habitual movements (riding a bike)
51
Reticular Activating System
dense network of neurons at the core of the brain; regulates sleep
52
Midbrain
smallest part of the brain; orientation and movement as well as processing auditory and visual info
53
tectum (roof)
orients and organism towards stimuli
54
tegmentum
pleasure seeking and motivation
55
Substantia nigra
responsible for reward, addiction, and fluidity of movement
56
forebrain (cerebral cortex)
largest and most complex part of the brain; higher order functions and emotions
57
gyri
raised part of the brain
58
sulci
indentations on the surface of the brain
59
corpus collosum
thick band of axons that connects the two halves of the brain
60
Temporal lobe
located near your temples; responsible for auditory functions, memory
61
occipital lobe
back of the brain; visual info
62
Frontal lobe
voluntary movements, thinking, planning, and emotional control
63
Association cortex
process sensory and motor info from your body
64
Somatosensory
eating, temperature, pain
65
Primary Motor Cortex
where most body movements are initiated
66
The Limbic System
critical for learning, memory, emotions; area of forebrain under the cerebral cortex
67
hippocampus
part of limbic system; forming new memories and learning
68
Thalamus (inner chamber)
process sensory info except smell and relays it to the cerebral cortex; thought to also be involved with awareness and motivation
69
Hypothalamus
regulates survival related behaviors such as eating, drinking, sexual activity, fear, aggression; also controls the pituitary gland and regulates hormone secretion
70
amygdala
emotions, especially fear; forming strong emotional memories
71
Brocas area
left hemisphere; responsible for speech
72
Wernickle area
left; understanding language or words
73
lateralization of function
certain cognitive functions are processed on one side of the brain
74
Aphasia
partial or complete inability to understand spoken or written language
75
Right Half of brain
nonverbal emotional information, creativity, music
76
Left half of brain
language, reading, speech, writing
77
olfactory bulb
smell, located in frontal lobe w/ memory

BIO 410 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions