Psychology-aspects Of Personality And Attitudes

Question 1

What does trait mean?

Answer 1

A stable and inherited characteristic

Question 2

What does personality mean?

Answer 2

A persons unique psychological make up

Question 3

What does the trait theory of personality suggest?

Answer 3

Suggest that personality is innate and stable. This means that they are either introverted or extroverted

Question 4

What is a extrovert like?

Answer 4

Sociable, active, team member, team leader, talkative

Question 5

What is an introvert like?

Answer 5

Quite, reserved, shy, individual sports

Question 6

Describe the social learning theory of personality

Answer 6

Suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others through socialisation. Behaviour is most likely to be copied if it is reinforced.

Question 7

What is the process of social learning?

Answer 7

Observe—identify—reinforce—copy

Question 8

What is the interactionist perspective?

Answer 8

A persons statute are used and adapted in certain situations, this means that behaviour is adapted to situations

B=F(P x E) means that behaviour is a function of the environment, meaning traits are used and adapted to the situation

Question 9

What does Hollander say the personality is made up of?

HINT: 3 features

Answer 9

Core of the performer- values and beliefs of individual

Typical responses- how they usually act in situations

Role related behaviour- how they adapt themselves in situations where they need to act in a certain way

Question 10

What does attitude mean?

Answer 10

Ideas charged with emotion that produce specific behaviour to a specific situation

Question 11

What are the 3 parts of an attitude?

HINT- CAB

Answer 11

Cognitive- your thoughts
Affective- your feelings
Behavioural- your actions

Question 12

What makes a positive attitude form?

Answer 12

• learned from enjoyable experiences
• learned from beliefs
• learned from significant others
• learned from conditions behaviour
• familiarisation
• learned from role models

Question 13

What is cognitive dissonance?

Answer 13

A challenge to existing beliefs causing unease and disharmony to an individual.
This creates motivation to change attitudes

Question 14

What does persuasive communication mean?

Answer 14

Communication to promote change

This has to be fun and give the individual options and a choice

Question 15

What’s the two aspects to changing an attitude?

Answer 15

Cognitive dissonance
and
Persuasive communication

Question 16

Anxiety

Answer 16

A negative aspect of stress

Question 17

2 types of anxiety

Answer 17

Trait and state

Question 18

Trait anxiety

Answer 18

Personality
Consistent
Stable
Worrying before ALL games

Question 19

State anxiety

Answer 19

Situation dependants
Temporary
Threat

Question 20

Anxiety can be

Answer 20

Somatic

Cognitive

Question 21

Somatic anxiety

Answer 21

Physical
Muscular tension
Hr increase
Sweating

Question 22

Cognitive anxiety

Answer 22

Psychology 
Irrational thinking 
Worrying 
Confusion 
Belief about ability

Question 23

Somatic

Answer 23

Inverted u

Question 24

Cognitive

Answer 24

Negative linear

Question 25

Anxiety and time to competition

Answer 25

Anxious before competition

Methods to control it can be used

Question 26

Questionaires

Answer 26

Quick cheep easy
Allows comparison

Biased answers
Not understand question

Question 27

Observations

Answer 27

True to life

May act different if know being watched
Need more than one observer
Time consuming
Need to know person

Question 28

Physiological measures

Answer 28

Factual
Comparisons
Can be judged while games in motion

Training required to use/learn technology
Restrict full movement or injure
If they are aware=more stress/act different

Question 29

Define aggression

Answer 29

Intent to harm outside of the rules; hostile behaviour and reactive (frustration)

Question 30

Define assertion

Answer 30

Well motivated behaviour with in the rules (controlled)

Question 31

What are the 4 theories of aggression?

ASIF

Answer 31

Aggressive cue hypothesis
Social learning theory
Instinct theory
Frustration aggressive hypothesis

Question 32

Describe intrinsic theory of aggression

Answer 32

Aggression is spontaneous and innate

Product of evolution and will service under provocation when defending territorial. Home pitch!

Players use sport as an outlet of built up aggressive energy. Catharsis

Question 33

Define catharsis

Answer 33

Cleansing of emotions using sport as an outlet for aggression

Question 34

Define Frustration aggressive hypothesis

Answer 34

Frustration is inevitable when goals are blocked by a frustrating circumstance

If frustration is released=catharsis=repeat

If frustration isn’t=more frustration

If frustration is released=Punished=more aggression

Question 35

Define aggression cue hypothesis

Answer 35

Suggests that aggression is caused by a learned trigger

Aggression only occurs if a learned ‘cue’ is present

Examples:
Sporting away venues 
Others 
Remain of title 
A coach telling a player to push others slyly

Question 36

Define Social learning theory

Answer 36

Learning by associating with others and copying behaviour

Aggression is learned from experiences, coaches, role models and significant others

It will be copied if it looks successful or reinforced well

Observe-identity-reinforce-copy

Question 37

Define aggression

Answer 37

Intent to harm outside of the rules;hostile behaviour

Question 38

Define assertion

Answer 38

Well motivated behaviour within the rules

Question 39

Name the 4 theories of aggression

ASIF

Answer 39

Aggressive cue hypothesis
Social learning theory
Instinct theory
Frustration aggression hypothesis

Question 40

Define catharsis

Answer 40

Cleansing the emotions using sports as an outlet for aggression

Question 41

Define motivation

Answer 41

The drive to succeed

Question 42

4 types of motivation

Answer 42

Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Tangible
Intangible

Question 43

How do you motivate?

Answer 43

A coach should combine intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Rewards early on like player of the week

Painting out health benefits

Breaking skull down, allowing success at each point

Question 44

Define cohesion

Answer 44

The tendency for individuals to work together to achieve their goals, the forces that keep the group members on task

Question 45

Define task cohesion

Answer 45

Individuals working together to achieve an end result

Question 46

Define Social cohesion

Answer 46

Individuals relating to each other to interact with the group

Question 47

What is steiners model of team performance

Answer 47

Actual productivity= potential productivity - losses due to faulty processes