Industrial Britain Flashcards
What were the negative effects of rationalised sport during the first have of the 19th century
Loss of rights Poor health Lack of public provisions Lack of income Lock of leisure time Migration of the Lower classes into cities
What does rational recreation mean?
Sports and past times for the lower classes which were designed by the middle class for the lower, it was organised and controlled.
What does HITFOR mean?
H- poor health and hygiene I- lack of income T- lack of time F- facility provision lacking O- overcrowding and lack of space R- loss of rights
Who was dr William penny Brookes?
The founder of wenlock Olympian games in 1850
What are some of the features of the wenlock games?
- first was held in 1850
- there were athletics and country sports played
- athletes from all over the country travelled to take part
- parades and music
- some fun event like blindfolded wheelbarrow race and the ‘old lady’s race’ with a pound of tea for the prize
- physical education in schools became part of the curriculum
What is the definition of urbanisation?
Large numbers of people migrating/moving from rural areas into twins and cities, seeking regular work in the factories
What are the 4 vital features of urbanisation that contributed to the development of sport?
Lack of work space
Large working class population
Loss of traditional sport
Change in working conditions
How did transport increase participation opportunities?
- More completions
- Leagues
- After travel time so more time for matches
- spectators could follow their team in away games
- employers could put on excursions for their workers
Middle class 3 tier society
Codification
Competition
Increase leisure time
Move to professionalism
Public provisions
What does philanthropist mean?
Kind, generous, middle class individuals who had a social conscience and were keen to try to provide for a better life among the working class
What does public provision mean?
Local council provision of facilities
e.g. recreational sport for the masses to participate
What is the difference between pre and post industrial sport?
Pre industrial: Class divisions Violent/harsh Damage of property Male dominated Few unwritten rules Little/no equipment Force based
Post industrial: Class divisions Regular fixtures Skill based Written rules Spectators Commercialised/professionals Exclusivity/NGBs
What are the 9 characteristics of rationalised sport and the impact on society?
1) played regionally, nationally and internationally
2) respectable (fair play)
3) regular
4) rule based (codification)
5) gambling controlled
6) impact on religion
7) impact on revolutions (industrial-urban)
8) purpose built facilities
9) amateurism and professionalism
What are the 5 R’s of rational recreation?
Regionally Respectable Regular Rule based Religion
Why was the national governing bodies (NGB’s) formed ?
More clubs/teams forming
Rules and codification required
More leagues were required
More fixtures required
Maintain amateur ideal
Maintenance of control of sport among the middle and upper class
How was the FA formed?
It is the English football governing bodies
Formed in 1863
It is responsible for overseeing the amateur and professionalism game
Provides competitive matches for all levels
Define an amateur?
A person who plays sport for the love of it and receives no financial gain
Define a professional?
A person who plays sport for the financial gain
What did the rationalisation of football do in the 19th century?
Urbanisation More free time Improved transport Increased professionalism Social class links Increased organisation
Define boss man ruling
European court justice on the 15th December 1995 concerning freedom of movement for workers. It allowed the freedom movement of labour in the European Union. It effectively allowed footballers within the EU. To move at the end of their contract to another club without a transfer being paid.
What are the three things in the golden triangle?
Sport
Media
Business
Define commercialisation
Process of attempting to gain money from an activity e.g. sport
Define sponsorship
When a company pays for their products to be publicly displayed or advertised, usually as an attempt to increase sales of their goods
Define Merchandising
Practice in which the brand or image of a product is used to sell another products (merchandise)
