Psychology and Counseling Flashcards
an individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brouht on by a stressful eventt
adaptation
external expression of emotion
affect
the intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another
aggression
the state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable alientaion
alienation
blame directed towards another person
anger
grief where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience
anomic grief
an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undersirable is going to happen
anxiety
the tendency to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety
attachment
a learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive/ negative way
attitude
the act or event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief
bereavement
grief that is excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion
chronic grief
a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health
client centered counseling (person centered counseling)
the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes; Latin “ to know”
cognitive psychology
general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two / more people; verbal and non-verbal
communication
grief that interferes with normal life functions without progressing towards resolution
complicated grief(abnormal, unresolved)
the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and other’s perception of oneself
congruence
characteristic ways of responding to stress
coping
a highly emotional temporary state in which an individuals feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair ability to act
crisis
an often unconscious mental process used to defend against anxiety
defense mechanisms
defense mechanism by which a person is unable / refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self
denial
counselor tanks an active speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action
directive counseling
redirecting feeling toward a person or object other than one who caused the feelings originally
displacement
the ability to perceive anothers experience and communicate that perception back to the person
empathy
grief reactions that are excessive and disabling
exaggerated grief
to assist the understanding of situations and options concerning the circumstances
facilitate
a strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, or disquiet
fear
an emotion or set or emotions due to loss
grief
a set of symptoms associated with loss
grief syndrome
a process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment
griefwork
support provided to counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems
guidance
counseling in which a counselor share a body of special information with a counsellee
informational counseling
blame directed toward one’s self based on real or unreal conditions
guilt
any event , person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief
mitigation
outward expression of grief
mourning
a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme feat
panic
attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else
projection
intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can be only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists
psychotherapy (Jackson)
a relation of harmony established in any human interaction
rapport
supplying a logical, acceptable reason rather than the real reason fro an action
rationalization
the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions
respect
blame that is perceived to be directed toward ones’s self by others
shame
occurs when a persons performance improves because of the presence of others
social facilitation
redirection or emotion to culturally/ socially useful purposes
sublimation
a conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns
suppression
Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief:
mitigation
A defense mechanism, closely related to repression, in which the individual convinces him/ herself that the loss never happened is called
denial
The economic impact of the death of the patriachal leader in an extended/joint family is
minimal
William Worden’s “Tasks of Mourning”
- Accept reality of loss
2.Experience the pain of grief
3.Adjust to environment in which the deceased is missing
4.reinvest emotional energy into another relationship
The loss of craftsmanship is a result of
industrialization
Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread and disquieting
fear
Strict departmental standards with little or no variation is typical of
bureaucratization
Loss of individual identity
anonymity
Abstract patterns of and for living and dying are known as
culture
The level of emotion displayed by a person in reaction to an event is called
affect
An adjustment process that involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved
mourning
According to client- centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and other’s perception of one-self is termed
congruence
A protective coping mechanism characterized by an inability to perceive external reality is called
denial
Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner:
crisis counseling
The method by which social values are learned:
encultruation
Detailed examples of adjustments, choices, or alternatives available to the client or counselee from which a course of action may be selected
illustrating
Social behavior as dictated by tradition
custom
The overarching moral principles which a population holds as the guidance for behavior which if violated lead to serious penalties are:
mores
Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife:
dyad
A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual’s feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act:
crisis
Each of the following have affected the nuclear family EXCEPT
an increase in the day to day confrontation with death
A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear:
panic
An event producing acute deprivation and loss due to death of one in whom emotional capital has been invested is
bereavement
Which of the following would argue that counseling is associated with good communication?
Carl Rogers
The psychological needs of the bereaved family include
the need for emotional support
The concept that all cultures have something of value to add to the common good for all society?
cultural relativity
Both funeral services and memorial services are
at least partly religious
Describing or explaining detailed examples of the ways that funeral offerings such as visitation and public funeral have helped other families in similar situations is called:
illustrating
Factors that complicate grief include: Relationship, Circumstantial, Social, Historical, and
personality
How many and what are the stages in Hill, O’Brians, and Wolfet’s Helping Process
3
Exploration
Insight
Action
Who created the “Theory of Attachment”
Bowlby
Who coined “ Grief Syndrome and Grief Work”
Eric Lindemann
who created the stages of dying
Elisabeth Kubler- Ross
what are the stages of dying
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
who created the “Tasks of Mourning”
William Worden
what are the 5 complicated griefs
chronic
delayed
masked
exaggerated
disenfranchised
would argue that counseling is associated with unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers
The process with which members of one culture assimilate the traits of another is called
Acculturation
a somatic disturbance in grief
tightness of chest
Mores is a sociological term for those cultural parameters involving
virtues
values
norms
Establishing a rapport with the client, appraising the client’s problems, and accepting the client’s attitudes and feelings are factors specifically associated with which style of counseling?
non-directive
Kohlberg’s stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense of obligation to them:
pre-conventional stage
