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Arts > Psychology and Counseling > Flashcards

Psychology and Counseling Flashcards

1
Q

an individual’s ability to adjust to the psychological and emotional changes brouht on by a stressful eventt

A

adaptation

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2
Q

external expression of emotion

A

affect

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3
Q

the intentional infliction of physical or psychological harm on another

A

aggression

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4
Q

the state of estrangement an individual feels in social settings that are viewed as foreign, unpredictable or unacceptable alientaion

A

alienation

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5
Q

blame directed towards another person

A

anger

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6
Q

grief where mourning customs are unclear due to an inappropriate death and the absence of prior bereavement experience

A

anomic grief

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7
Q

an emotion characterized by a vague fear or premonition that something undersirable is going to happen

A

anxiety

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8
Q

the tendency to make strong affectional bonds with others coming from the need for security and safety

A

attachment

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9
Q

a learned tendency to respond to people, objects, or institutions in a positive/ negative way

A

attitude

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10
Q

the act or event of separation or loss that results in the experience of grief

A

bereavement

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11
Q

grief that is excessive in duration and never comes to a satisfactory conclusion

A

chronic grief

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12
Q

a non-directive method of counseling which stresses the inherent worth of the client and the natural capacity for growth and health

A

client centered counseling (person centered counseling)

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13
Q

the study of the origins and consequences of thoughts, memories, beliefs, perceptions, explanations, and other mental processes; Latin “ to know”

A

cognitive psychology

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14
Q

general term for the exchange of information, feelings, thoughts and acts between two / more people; verbal and non-verbal

A

communication

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15
Q

grief that interferes with normal life functions without progressing towards resolution

A

complicated grief(abnormal, unresolved)

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16
Q

the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and other’s perception of oneself

A

congruence

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17
Q

characteristic ways of responding to stress

A

coping

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18
Q

a highly emotional temporary state in which an individuals feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair ability to act

A

crisis

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19
Q

an often unconscious mental process used to defend against anxiety

A

defense mechanisms

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20
Q

defense mechanism by which a person is unable / refuses to see things as they are because such facts are threatening to the self

A

denial

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21
Q

counselor tanks an active speaking role, asking questions, suggesting courses of action

A

directive counseling

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22
Q

redirecting feeling toward a person or object other than one who caused the feelings originally

A

displacement

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23
Q

the ability to perceive anothers experience and communicate that perception back to the person

A

empathy

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24
Q

grief reactions that are excessive and disabling

A

exaggerated grief

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25
Q

to assist the understanding of situations and options concerning the circumstances

A

facilitate

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26
Q

a strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread, or disquiet

A

fear

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27
Q

an emotion or set or emotions due to loss

A

grief

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28
Q

a set of symptoms associated with loss

A

grief syndrome

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29
Q

a process occurring with losses aimed at loosening the attachment to that which has been lost for appropriate reinvestment

A

griefwork

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30
Q

support provided to counselee who is seeking an alternative adjustment to problems

A

guidance

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31
Q

counseling in which a counselor share a body of special information with a counsellee

A

informational counseling

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32
Q

blame directed toward one’s self based on real or unreal conditions

A

guilt

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33
Q

any event , person, or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief

A

mitigation

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34
Q

outward expression of grief

A

mourning

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35
Q

a strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme feat

A

panic

36
Q

attribution of one’s unacceptable thoughts, feelings, or behaviors to someone else

A

projection

37
Q

intervention with people whose needs are so specific that usually they can be only be met by specially trained physicians or psychologists

A

psychotherapy (Jackson)

38
Q

a relation of harmony established in any human interaction

A

rapport

39
Q

supplying a logical, acceptable reason rather than the real reason fro an action

A

rationalization

40
Q

the ability to communicate the belief that everyone possesses the capacity and right to choose alternatives and make decisions

A

respect

41
Q

blame that is perceived to be directed toward ones’s self by others

A

shame

42
Q

occurs when a persons performance improves because of the presence of others

A

social facilitation

43
Q

redirection or emotion to culturally/ socially useful purposes

A

sublimation

44
Q

a conscious postponement of addressing anxieties and concerns

A

suppression

45
Q

Any event, person or object that lessens the degree of pain in grief:

A

mitigation

46
Q

A defense mechanism, closely related to repression, in which the individual convinces him/ herself that the loss never happened is called

A

denial

47
Q

The economic impact of the death of the patriachal leader in an extended/joint family is

A

minimal

48
Q

William Worden’s “Tasks of Mourning”

A
  1. Accept reality of loss
    2.Experience the pain of grief
    3.Adjust to environment in which the deceased is missing
    4.reinvest emotional energy into another relationship
49
Q

The loss of craftsmanship is a result of

A

industrialization

50
Q

Strong emotion marked by such reactions as alarm, dread and disquieting

A

fear

51
Q

Strict departmental standards with little or no variation is typical of

A

bureaucratization

52
Q

Loss of individual identity

A

anonymity

53
Q

Abstract patterns of and for living and dying are known as

A

culture

54
Q

The level of emotion displayed by a person in reaction to an event is called

A

affect

55
Q

An adjustment process that involves grief or sorrow over a period of time and helps in the reorganization of the life of an individual following a loss or death of someone loved

A

mourning

56
Q

According to client- centered counseling, the necessary quality of a counselor being in touch with reality and other’s perception of one-self is termed

A

congruence

57
Q

A protective coping mechanism characterized by an inability to perceive external reality is called

A

denial

58
Q

Interventions for a highly emotional, temporary state in which individuals, overcome by feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain are unable to act in a realistic, normal manner:

A

crisis counseling

59
Q

The method by which social values are learned:

A

encultruation

60
Q

Detailed examples of adjustments, choices, or alternatives available to the client or counselee from which a course of action may be selected

A

illustrating

61
Q

Social behavior as dictated by tradition

A

custom

62
Q

The overarching moral principles which a population holds as the guidance for behavior which if violated lead to serious penalties are:

A

mores

63
Q

Two units regarded as a pair; for example, husband and wife:

A

dyad

64
Q

A highly emotional temporary state in which an individual’s feelings of anxiety, grief, confusion or pain impair his or her ability to act:

A

crisis

65
Q

Each of the following have affected the nuclear family EXCEPT

A

an increase in the day to day confrontation with death

66
Q

A strong emotion characterized by sudden and extreme fear:

A

panic

67
Q

An event producing acute deprivation and loss due to death of one in whom emotional capital has been invested is

A

bereavement

68
Q

Which of the following would argue that counseling is associated with good communication?

A

Carl Rogers

69
Q

The psychological needs of the bereaved family include

A

the need for emotional support

70
Q

The concept that all cultures have something of value to add to the common good for all society?

A

cultural relativity

71
Q

Both funeral services and memorial services are

A

at least partly religious

72
Q

Describing or explaining detailed examples of the ways that funeral offerings such as visitation and public funeral have helped other families in similar situations is called:

A

illustrating

73
Q

Factors that complicate grief include: Relationship, Circumstantial, Social, Historical, and

A

personality

74
Q

How many and what are the stages in Hill, O’Brians, and Wolfet’s Helping Process

A

3
Exploration
Insight
Action

75
Q

Who created the “Theory of Attachment”

A

Bowlby

76
Q

Who coined “ Grief Syndrome and Grief Work”

A

Eric Lindemann

77
Q

who created the stages of dying

A

Elisabeth Kubler- Ross

78
Q

what are the stages of dying

A

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

79
Q

who created the “Tasks of Mourning”

A

William Worden

80
Q

what are the 5 complicated griefs

A

chronic
delayed
masked
exaggerated
disenfranchised

81
Q

would argue that counseling is associated with unconditional positive regard

A

Carl Rogers

82
Q

The process with which members of one culture assimilate the traits of another is called

A

Acculturation

83
Q

a somatic disturbance in grief

A

tightness of chest

84
Q

Mores is a sociological term for those cultural parameters involving

A

virtues
values
norms

85
Q

Establishing a rapport with the client, appraising the client’s problems, and accepting the client’s attitudes and feelings are factors specifically associated with which style of counseling?

A

non-directive

86
Q

Kohlberg’s stage of moral development in which the individual is characterized as not understanding the rules or feeling a sense of obligation to them:

A

pre-conventional stage

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