Psychology

Question 1

Depression

Answer 1

• imbalance of serotonin and dopamine

Question 2

Depressive disorders (4)

Answer 2

• major depressive disorder
• bipolar disorder
• presistent depressive disorder (dysthymia)
• post-partum depression

Question 3

Major Depressive Disorder

Answer 3

• AKA major depression or clinical depression
• One of the leading causes of disability among adults in the US
• ~16% of adults will meet the criteria for MDD at some point in their lives

Question 4

MDD Dx

Answer 4

• DX
  
  • Must have 5 of the following for a minimum of 2 weeks ⇒

Question 5

Persistent depressive disorder

Answer 5

Question 6

Bipolar disorder

Answer 6

• AKA manic depressive disorder
• Characteristics
  
  • Major atypical shifts in mood
  • Episodes of euphoria followed by depression
• Episodes last days to months
• Episodes include shifts in appetite, behavior, sleep, and activity
• What med is most commonly used?
  
  • Lithium

Question 7

Anxiety Disorders (6)

Answer 7

• Generalized Anxiety Disorder
• Social phobias
• Panic disorders
• Obsessive-compulsive disorder
• Posttraumatic Stress Disorder
• Generalized Anxiety Disorder

***~18% of US adults

Question 8

Generalized anxiety disorder

Answer 8

• Hyper activation of the sympathetic nervous system
• Symptoms
  
  • Increased BP
  • Increased HR
  • Perspiration
  • Nausea
  • Chest pain
  • Dizziness
  • SOB

Question 9

Social Phobias

Answer 9

• Generalized Social Phobia
  
  • Agoraphobia-more than you think it is
• Specific Social Phobias
  
  • Public speaking
  • Public restrooms
  • Large cafeterias
  • Dating

Question 10

Panic Disorder

Answer 10

• When fear overwhelms
• Symptoms
  
  • Panic attacks with no trigger
  • Unpredictability of attacks
  • Which leads to the fear of having another attack at any time

Question 11

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD)

Answer 11

• An obsession followed by a compulsion
  
  • Examples 1
    
    • Obsession: hygiene
    • Compulsion: repeatedly hand washing
  • Example 2
    
    • Obsession: aggression toward others
    • Compulsion: repeatedly checking doors are locked
• Rituals
  • Significantly interrupt daily life
  • Behaviors cannot be controlled or stopped
  • Rituals do not bring pleasure or happiness
  • At least 1 hour per day is spent performing rituals
• Changes in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures

Question 12

Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)

Answer 12

• repeated responses to a traumatic event
• must have:
  
  • at least one re-experiencing symptom
  • at least one avoidance symptom
  • at least two arousal and reactivity symptoms
  • at least two cognition and mood symptoms

Question 13

PTSD Re-Experiencing symptoms

Answer 13

• Re-experiencing symptoms include:
  
  • Flashbacks—physically reliving the trauma over and over, including physical symptoms like a racing heart or sweating
  • Bad dreams
  • Frightening thoughts

Question 14

PTSD Avoidance symptoms

Answer 14

• Avoidance symptoms include:
  
  • Staying away from places, events, or objects that are reminders of the traumatic experience
  • Avoiding thoughts or feelings related to the traumatic event

Question 15

PTSD Arousal and Reactivity symptoms

Answer 15

• Arousal and reactivity symptoms include:
  
  • Being easily startled
  • Feeling tense or “on edge”
  • Having difficulty sleeping
  • Having angry outbursts

Question 16

PTSD Cognition and Mood symptoms

Answer 16

• Cognition and mood symptoms include:
  
  • Trouble remembering key features of the traumatic event
  • Negative thoughts about oneself or the world
  • Distorted feelings like guilt or blame
  • Loss of interest in enjoyable activities