Psychology 305 Chapter 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Science

A

A field of study devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the life pan

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2
Q

Theory

A

Is an orderly, Integrated set if statements that describes, explains, predicts Behavior

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3
Q

Continuos

A

A process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin with

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4
Q

Discontinuous

A

A process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times

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5
Q

Staes

A

Qualitative changes in thinking, feeling and behavior that characterize specific periods of developments

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6
Q

Contexts

A

Unique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of change

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7
Q

Nature

A

Means the hereditary information we receive from our parents at the moment of conception

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8
Q

Nurture

A

Means the complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

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9
Q

Plasticity

A

change in response to influential experiences

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10
Q

Lifespan Perspetive

A

Four assumptions make up this broader view that Development is Life long, Multidimensional and Multidirectional, Highly Plastic, and Affected by multiple, interacting forces.

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11
Q

Age Graded Influences

A

Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last are called age-graded influences.

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12
Q

History Graded Influences

A

Explain why people born around the same time called a COHORT tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born in other times

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13
Q

Resilience

A

The ability to adapt effectively in the face of thetas to development.

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14
Q

Non normative Influences

A

are events that are irregular: They happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable time table.

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15
Q

Normative Approach

A

Measures of behavior are taken on a large numbers of individuals, and age related averages are computed to represent typical development

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16
Q

Psychoanalytic perspective

A

Is when People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the persons ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety.

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17
Q

Psychosexual Theory - Sigmund Freud’s

A

Emphasizes how parents manage their child’s sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development.

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18
Q

Psychosocial theory - Erik Eriksons

A

The ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills that make the individual an active, contributing member of society

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19
Q

Behaviorism

A

Directly observable events - stimuli and responses - are the appropriate focus of study.

20
Q

Social learning theory

A

Emphasizes Modelings, Imitation or observational learning as a powerful source of development

21
Q

Information Processing

A

The Human mind might also be views as a symbol manipulating system through which information flows

22
Q

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

A

Brings together researches from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing persons cognitive processing and behavior patterns

23
Q

Evolutionary development Psychology

A

Seek to understand the adaptive value of species wide cognitive, emotional and social competencies as though competencies change with age

24
Q

Sociocultural theory

A

Focuses on how culture, value, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group is transmitted to the next generation

25
Ecological systems theory
views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of surrounding environment
26
Micro System
The inner most level of environment
27
Mesosystem
Are connections between the microsystem
28
Exosystem
Consists of social settings that effect experiences in immediate settings
29
Macro System
Consists of culture values, laws, customs, resources
30
Chronosystem
Chrono means time..... Life changes can be imposed externally or alternatively can arise from within the person, since individuals select, modify and create many of their own setting and experiences.
31
Naturalistic Observation
Is going into the field or a natural environment to gather data and record the studys behaviors and interests.
32
Structured observation
is observation done in a lab
33
Clinical Case Study
Brings together a long range of information on one person including interviews, observations and test scores.
34
Clinical interview
Researches use a flexible conversation sytle to probe for the participants point of view
35
Ethnography
Is research that is descriptive, qualitative technique but instead of aiming to understand a single individual it is aimed toward understanding a culture or a distinct social class through participant observation.
36
Correlation design
Researchers gather information on individuals, generally in a natural life circumstance without altering their experiences. Then look at relationships between participants characteristics and their behavior or development
37
Correlation Coefficient
Is a number that describes how two measures are variables are associated with each other.
38
Experimental design
Permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions.
39
Independent variable
Is the one the investigator expects to cause change in other variables
40
Dependent Variable
Is the variable the investigator expects to be influenced by the independent variable
41
Random Assignment
Of participants to treatments conditions by using an unbiased procedure such as drawing numbers out of a hat.
42
Longitudinal design
Participants are studied repeatedly and changes are noted as they get older
43
Cross sectional design
Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time.
44
Sequential designs
In which they conduct several similar cross sectional or Longitudinal studies called sequences.
45
Cognitive Development theory
children actively contrast knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world