Psychology 305 Chapter 1

Question 1

Developmental Science

Answer 1

A field of study devoted to understanding constancy and change throughout the life pan

Question 2

Theory

Answer 2

Is an orderly, Integrated set if statements that describes, explains, predicts Behavior

Question 3

Continuos

Answer 3

A process of gradually augmenting the same types of skills that were there to begin with

Question 4

Discontinuous

Answer 4

A process in which new ways of understanding and responding to the world emerge at specific times

Question 5

Staes

Answer 5

Qualitative changes in thinking, feeling and behavior that characterize specific periods of developments

Question 6

Contexts

Answer 6

Unique combinations of personal and environmental circumstances that can result in different paths of change

Question 7

Nature

Answer 7

Means the hereditary information we receive from our parents at the moment of conception

Question 8

Nurture

Answer 8

Means the complex forces of the physical and social world that influence our biological makeup and psychological experiences before and after birth.

Question 9

Plasticity

Answer 9

change in response to influential experiences

Question 10

Lifespan Perspetive

Answer 10

Four assumptions make up this broader view that Development is Life long, Multidimensional and Multidirectional, Highly Plastic, and Affected by multiple, interacting forces.

Question 11

Age Graded Influences

Answer 11

Events that are strongly related to age and therefore fairly predictable in when they occur and how long they last are called age-graded influences.

Question 12

History Graded Influences

Answer 12

Explain why people born around the same time called a COHORT tend to be alike in ways that set them apart from people born in other times

Question 13

Resilience

Answer 13

The ability to adapt effectively in the face of thetas to development.

Question 14

Non normative Influences

Answer 14

are events that are irregular: They happen to just one person or a few people and do not follow a predictable time table.

Question 15

Normative Approach

Answer 15

Measures of behavior are taken on a large numbers of individuals, and age related averages are computed to represent typical development

Question 16

Psychoanalytic perspective

Answer 16

Is when People move through a series of stages in which they confront conflicts between biological drives and social expectations. How these conflicts are resolved determines the persons ability to learn, to get along with others, and to cope with anxiety.

Question 17

Psychosexual Theory - Sigmund Freud’s

Answer 17

Emphasizes how parents manage their child’s sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years is crucial for healthy personality development.

Question 18

Psychosocial theory - Erik Eriksons

Answer 18

The ego makes a positive contribution to development, acquiring attitudes and skills that make the individual an active, contributing member of society

Question 19

Behaviorism

Answer 19

Directly observable events - stimuli and responses - are the appropriate focus of study.

Question 20

Social learning theory

Answer 20

Emphasizes Modelings, Imitation or observational learning as a powerful source of development

Question 21

Information Processing

Answer 21

The Human mind might also be views as a symbol manipulating system through which information flows

Question 22

Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience

Answer 22

Brings together researches from psychology, biology, neuroscience, and medicine to study the relationship between changes in the brain and the developing persons cognitive processing and behavior patterns

Question 23

Evolutionary development Psychology

Answer 23

Seek to understand the adaptive value of species wide cognitive, emotional and social competencies as though competencies change with age

Question 24

Sociocultural theory

Answer 24

Focuses on how culture, value, beliefs, customs, and skills of a social group is transmitted to the next generation

Question 25

Ecological systems theory

Answer 25

views the person as developing within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of surrounding environment

Question 26

Micro System

Answer 26

The inner most level of environment

Question 27

Mesosystem

Answer 27

Are connections between the microsystem

Question 28

Exosystem

Answer 28

Consists of social settings that effect experiences in immediate settings

Question 29

Macro System

Answer 29

Consists of culture values, laws, customs, resources

Question 30

Chronosystem

Answer 30

Chrono means time….. Life changes can be imposed externally or alternatively can arise from within the person, since individuals select, modify and create many of their own setting and experiences.

Question 31

Naturalistic Observation

Answer 31

Is going into the field or a natural environment to gather data and record the studys behaviors and interests.

Question 32

Structured observation

Answer 32

is observation done in a lab

Question 33

Clinical Case Study

Answer 33

Brings together a long range of information on one person including interviews, observations and test scores.

Question 34

Clinical interview

Answer 34

Researches use a flexible conversation sytle to probe for the participants point of view

Question 35

Ethnography

Answer 35

Is research that is descriptive, qualitative technique but instead of aiming to understand a single individual it is aimed toward understanding a culture or a distinct social class through participant observation.

Question 36

Correlation design

Answer 36

Researchers gather information on individuals, generally in a natural life circumstance without altering their experiences. Then look at relationships between participants characteristics and their behavior or development

Question 37

Correlation Coefficient

Answer 37

Is a number that describes how two measures are variables are associated with each other.

Question 38

Experimental design

Answer 38

Permits inferences about cause and effect because researchers use an evenhanded procedure to assign people to two or more treatment conditions.

Question 39

Independent variable

Answer 39

Is the one the investigator expects to cause change in other variables

Question 40

Dependent Variable

Answer 40

Is the variable the investigator expects to be influenced by the independent variable

Question 41

Random Assignment

Answer 41

Of participants to treatments conditions by using an unbiased procedure such as drawing numbers out of a hat.

Question 42

Longitudinal design

Answer 42

Participants are studied repeatedly and changes are noted as they get older

Question 43

Cross sectional design

Answer 43

Groups of people differing in age are studied at the same point in time.

Question 44

Sequential designs

Answer 44

In which they conduct several similar cross sectional or Longitudinal studies called sequences.

Question 45

Cognitive Development theory

Answer 45

children actively contrast knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world