psychology

Question 1

psychology definition

Answer 1

exploration description formation of the brain and mind in a living body in relation relation to environment with the focus on behavior

Question 2

Key elements of scientific attitude in psychology

Answer 2

Scientist question data with healthy skepticism, and are open
to accepting changes in their conclusions, warranted by new evidence

Question 3

State the general contributions of William Walden, William jeans and Fred to the psychology discipline

Answer 3

William, the father of experimental psychology, revolutionized the filled with the first psychology laboratory in his structuralist approach his work in mental process the foundation from modern psychology, research method and theories

Question 4

early schools of thought

Answer 4

Structuralism Functionalism behavioral Psychologist

Question 5

seven modern perspectives

Answer 5

Biology behavioral Cognitive Humanist psychogenic
social cultural
evolutionary

Question 6

experimental vs
correlational

Answer 6

Experimental designs Multiple variables cause an effect Correlational designs observed without Manipulation

Question 7

variables independent dependent and confounding

Answer 7

Independent variables are manipulated Dependent variables are measured Confounding variables are influenced

Question 8

Measure Central tendency And tendency variation

Answer 8

Central essential of the database Variation describes the spread of the data Tendency Measured by the set data

Question 9

neurons and information flow

Answer 9

Dendrites to sell body then Axon terminals

Question 10

GLAIL Cell functions

Answer 10

To support and protect neurons

Question 11

Electrical Charge at resting state

Answer 11

action potential Forces include action diffuser Electric pressure sodium potassium pump membranes( Electrical activity charged 70 mV!!!!!!

Question 12

Components of synapse

Answer 12

Components found in synapses include synaptic vesicles , neurotransmitters , synaptic gap (or cleft),and receptor sites .

Question 13

Neurons and Information Flow

Answer 13

From dendrites to soma/cell body, then through the axon terminals.

Question 14

Function of Glial Cells

Answer 14

To support and protect neurons.

Question 15

Electrical Charge at Resting State:

Answer 15

Forces Acting on Neuron during Action Potential: Questions What forces act on a neuron to produce an action potential? Answers The forces include passive diffusion, electrostatic pressure, and sodium-potassium pump activity across cell membranes.

Question 16

Components Of Synapse

Answer 16

Components found in synapses include synaptic vesicles , neurotransmitters , synaptic gap (or cleft),and receptor sites

Question 17

Reuptake

Answer 17

The process of neurotransmitters being absorbed back into the presynaptic neuron

Question 18

Neurotransmitters:

Answer 18

Endorphins
Glutamate
GABA

Question 19

Lesioning, EEG, MRI/MRV, PET Measurements:

Answer 19

Lesioning involves removing or damaging brain tissue to study its effects. EEG measures electrical activity in the brain. MRI/MRV uses magnetic fields to create detailed images of brain structure. PET detects metabolic processes using radioactive tracers.

Question 20

Reticular Formation Function:

Answer 20

The reticular formation regulates sleep-wake cycles and consciousness .

Question 21

Limbic System Structures

Answer 21

Structures include amygdala , hippocampus , hypothalamus involved emotions memory motivation .

Question 22

Frontal Lobe Function

Answer 22

Functions involve decision-making problem-solving behavior/emotion control.

Question 23

Parietal Lobe Function

Answer 23

It processes touch temperature pain sensations among others

Question 24

Occipital Lobe Functions

Answer 24

They primarily handle visual processing tasks.

Question 25

Temporal Lobes Functions

Answer 25

These areas play key parts in auditory processing as well as memory retention/recall.

Question 26

Association Areas Definition:

Answer 26

Association areas integrate information from different senses/modalities.

Question 27

Neuroplasticity & Neurogenesis

Answer 27

Neurogenesis creates new neurons, while neuroplasticity allows the brain to adapt and reorganize in response to new experiences and learning

Question 28

Peripheral vs Central Nervous Systems Somatic Autonomic Sympathetic Parasympathetic Divisions :

Answer 28

Central nervous system comprises spinal cord /brain while peripheral includes nerves outside CNS connecting limbs/organs.Somatic controls voluntary movements/sensory transmission whereas autonomic manages involuntary bodily functions like heart rate digestion.Sympathetic division prepares body fight-or-flight responses.Parasympathtic promotes rest-digest activities

Question 29

Teratogens

Answer 29

Answer: An agent that can cause birth defects.

Question 30

Infant Reflexes:

Answer 30

Answer: Rooting (finding food), sucking (feeding), Moro (falling response), grasping (holding).

Question 31

Enriched Environment and Neuron Development:

Answer 31

It promotes synaptic growth and neural plasticity.

Question 32

Infantile Amnesia:

Answer 32

Inability to recall memories from early childhood.

Question 33

Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development:

Answer 33

Sensorimotor (object permanence), Preoperational (symbolic thinking, egocentrism), Concrete Operational (logical thinking), Formal Operational (abstract reasoning).

Question 34

Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development:

Answer 34

The difference between what a learner can do independently and with guidance.

Question 35

Attachment Styles:

Answer 35

Secure, avoidant, ambivalent, disorganized

Question 36

Imaginary Audience and Personal Fable:

Answer 36

Imaginary audience: Belief that others are constantly watching. Personal fable: Belief in one’s uniqueness and invulnerability.

Question 37

Kohlberg’s Levels of Morality:

Answer 37

Preconventional (obedience, self-interest), Conventional (conformity, law-and-order), Postconventional (social contract, universal principles).

Question 38

Combating Cognitive Decline:

Answer 38

Exercise, mental stimulation, healthy diet, social engagement.

Question 39

Parenting Styles:

Answer 39

Authoritative (high responsiveness, high demands), Authoritarian (low responsiveness, high demands), Permissive (high responsiveness, low demands), Uninvolved (low responsiveness, low demands).