Psychology

Question 1

the scientific study of behaviour and mental process is called?

Answer 1

psychology

Question 2

what’s the branch of psychology where observation of the inner workings of the mind take place, by conducting experiments on sensations, perception and attention?

Answer 2

structuralism

Question 3

what is the study of observable human reactions to the environment?

Answer 3

behaviourism

Question 4

what is the belief that mental characteristics develop to allow people to survive and adapt?

Answer 4

functionalism

Question 5

what’s the process where patients discuss their backgrounds, feelings and experiences with a trained therapist?

Answer 5

psychoanalysis

Question 6

what is the emphasis in psychology on the unique quality of human beings, particularly their freedom and potential for human growth?

Answer 6

humanism

Question 7

what branch of psychology explores the mental processes involved in memory, learning, and thinking?

Answer 7

cognitive psychology

Question 8

which branch of psychology is considered to have emerged first?

Answer 8

structuralism

Question 9

advances in computer technology and artificial intelligence have allowed for more research in which branch of psychology?

Answer 9

cognitive psychology

Question 10

what’s the first stage of human mental processes that activates our sense receptors ?

Answer 10

sensation

Question 11

what’s the second stage of human mental processes that allows us to select, organize and interpret sensory signals in the brain?

Answer 11

perception

Question 12

What are the three parts of the mind sigmeud freud described? briefly explain each.

Answer 12

Id - first aspect to develop, we are born with it; it’s apart of the unconscious mind and is responsible for the biological impulses and needs that promote life (ex. hunger, thirst)

Superego - part of the mind that tells us what to do and what to not do; it develops around moral and ethical restrictions which are placed on us by caregivers and culture

Ego - the conscious and rational part of the mind where decisions are made; it acts like a referee between the id and the superego and ultimately decides if the needs of the id are greater than the superego and vice versa

Question 13

what is the truth about learning?

Answer 13

• occurs through experiences
• most human thought and behavior is the result of learning
• concepts of learning can be applied to mammals such as dogs and cats
• test - all of the above*

Question 14

What is true about innate behaviour?

Answer 14

instinctive responses

Question 15

what term describes how we acquire, store and use knowledge?

Answer 15

memory

Question 16

What type of reasoning starts with a general principle and applies it to a specific situation?

(ex. all students in Johal’s class
did their homework; Amir is a student in Johal’s class; Therefore, Amir did his homework)

Answer 16

deductive reasoning

Question 17

What type of reasoning is often employed in the social sciences?

Answer 17

dialectical

Question 18

What do our sense receptors include?

Answer 18

sight, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

Question 19

What reasoning is this: all black cars are fast. Mandeep drives a black car. Therefore, Mandeep drives a fast car?

Answer 19

deductive

Question 20

What reasoning is this: Sam enjoyed Ms. Patel’s Grade 11 class last year. Ms. Patel is teaching a Grade 12 class next year. Therefore Sam will enjoy that class.

Answer 20

inductive

Question 21

Based on Bandura’s model of observational learning, the fourth and final step of observational learning where you regularly practice and develop the skill is?

Answer 21

motivation

Question 22

What are the types of work Psychologists do?

Answer 22

CAR

Clinical Psych.
Applied Psych.
Research Psych.

Question 23

What are the problems with perception?

Answer 23

• can have a negative force when it misguides you
• we begin to think with closed minds
• our perceptions may prejudice our views of the world
• ON TEST - D) all of the above*

Question 24

Which of these is NOT a factor that influences perception: 1st impressions, personality of perceiver, or selective memory?

Answer 24

all of them influence perception

Question 25

Which memory is revolved around having knowledge of how the world works, but not having experienced it yourself?

Answer 25

semantic

Question 26

What number of unorganized items (plus or minus two) can our short term memory store?

Answer 26

7

Question 27

According to Adler’s theory on birth order, which child may be even-tempered, have a take it or leave it attitude, and could become a fighter for injustice?

Answer 27

second/middle

Question 28

During which sleep cycle will you have the most vivid dreams?

Answer 28

REM (rapid eye movement)

Question 29

In order to keep your biological clock in check, one should?

Answer 29

sleep at roughly the same time every day and get 30-40 minutes of bright light after awakening

ON TEST- d) both B and C

Question 30

According to Freudian dream interpretations, what would the image of Kings and Queens represent?

Answer 30

parents

Question 31

which is not one of Freud’s defence mechanisms; projection, denial, daydreaming, perception?

Answer 31

perception

Question 32

According to Freud, during which stage is the child’s primary focus sucking on things?

Answer 32

Oral stage

Question 33

According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the next step up in the pyramid from Belongingness and Love Needs is?

Answer 33

Esteem Needs

Question 34

When looking at the wheel of emotions, which is correct:
~ joy & acceptance = love
~ fear & sadness = submission
~ surprise & joy = optimism
~ fear & surprise = aggressiveness

Answer 34

joy and acceptance = love

Question 35

What is not a characteristic of compassionate love?

Answer 35

it leads to crushes, infatuations, and love at first sight

Question 36

whats the difference between classical conditioning and operant conditioning?

Answer 36

classical: the learning of associations between stimuli and responses
operant: the learning of associations between behaviours and their consequences

the difference is that classical conditioning takes a response from a stimulus and causes that same response in another stimulus by continuously pairing the new stimulus with the original stimulus whereas operant conditioning proves that behaviour can be conditioned through positive reinforcements (rewards) and negative reinforcements (punishments).

Question 37

What’s the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement?

Answer 37

the difference between positive reinforcement and negative reinforcement is that positive reinforcements occur in situations/conditions where the likelihood is INCREASED for the behaviour to continue happening, whereas negative reinforcements DECREASE the likelihood that the behaviour will continue. Negative reinforcements are the complete opposite of positive reinforcements.

Question 38

Whats the difference between sensation and perception?

Answer 38

The difference is that sensation (through our 5 senses) is what activates our sense receptors to transmit signals to the brain whereas, on the other hand, perception selects, interprets, and organizes sensory signals in our brain. The main difference is that one activates the sense receptors and one organizes sensory signals.

Question 39

answers to fill in the blanks:

Answer 39

1: needle; discomfort; dental office
2: positive reinforcement
3: negative reinforcement
4: short-term
5: dialectical thinking
6: obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
7: concepts
8: mood disorders
9: sensory