Anthropology Flashcards
What research method did jane goodall make primary use of while studying chimpanzee
a) observation
what did darwin name his theory of evolution?
a) theory of natural selection
what is physical anthropology?
d) the study of the physical and biological nature of human beings
what did darwin state was the reason behind why no two members of a species are exactly alike
variations caused by biological inheritance & adaptation to the environment (A and C)
how do anthropologists define humanness?
what it means to be human & the quality or state of being human (both A and C)
the conservation of salt, dark skin, and dark eye colour are evolutionary adaptations to a ?
c) tropical climate
what do physical anthropologists study
the origin of human species & the biological differences and similarities among humans (both A and B)
who was responsible for discovering lucy?
c) Donald Johnson
an example of how physical anthropologists make use of the natural sciences is:
b) working with and examining fossils
in what publication did charles darwin publish his theory of evolution in?
c) “On the origin of Species”
yellow/tan skin is the result of:
c) more carotene
Why do physical anthropologists study primates?
b) to look for clues that will shed light on the evolution of humans and human behaviour
in the article, the biology of skin colour, what correlation is reported to have been found between ultraviolet light and skin colour?
b) the weaker the ultraviolet light, the lighter the skin colour
What is cultural anthropology
b) the study of how cultures shape human behaviour (learned) & ideas
How do cultural anthropologists gather their information
a) they make reasonable and objective conclusions based on their observations & research
which of the following statements best describes the concept of cultural relativism?
the ability to record observations honestly, accurately and objectively & the appreciated and acceptance of unfamiliar cultures as being unique for the ways in which they have survived (both B and C)
an in depth study and comparison of past and contemporary cultures is the practice of which of the following branch of cultural anthropology?
a) ethnology
which of the following is an example of ethnocentrism?
north americans view other cultures as strange because they have large families & the Japanese believe that their cars are of better quality than those made in North America (both A and B)
which of the following is not one of the commonalities that all cultures share?
a) culture is an individual practice
As of yet, the most primitive hominid to be found is?
a) Australopithecus afarensis
Match: Ethnocentrism
I - the tendency to judge other cultures by one’s own values
Match: Jane Goodall
J - working in Tanzania, this anthropologist compared chimpanzees to humans
Match: Ethnography
H - the in depth description of a particular culture, written by an an anthropologist who lives with the people he or she is studying
Match: Leakeys
D - family of British anthropologists that studied in Kenya and Tanzania
Match: archaeology
C - cultural anthropology of the past; analyzes material and human remains left by ancient cultures
Match: herbert spencer
this anthropologist’s work was very influential in the U.S., when its new civilization was being established
Match: folkways
A - everyday manners and etiquette
Match: Raymond Dart
G - discovered allowed this anthropologist to draw upon similarities between baboon skulls and the fossilized brain of a human child
Match: norms
accepted ways of behaving and acting towards others
Match: subculture
culture within a culture which has distinctive ideas and behaviours
Nature vs Nurture: John Locke, a famous philosopher, believed that we are all like chalkboards. We are born blank and whatever gets “written on us” occurs after birth.
nurture
Nature vs Nurture: Your neighbour is having much trouble with her teenaged daughter. When you talk to her about it, she explains that her daughter is a “difficult child”. She has always been “difficult”, even as a newborn.
nature
Nature vs Nurture: A student in your Grade 11 anthro class feels that all criminals should be kept locked away forever or killed. He does not feel that the government should spend money on trying to rehabilitate these people. He claims that all criminals are just criminal, and that rehabilitation is useless.
nature
Nature vs Nurture: Literacy tests results have been published in local newspaper. They indicate that students in low-class neighbourhoods of Toronto, who are of one particular cultural group, fare much poorly than students in upper-class areas of the city. This leads many to believe that these students are not as smart as a result of the cultural group to which they belong.
nurture
list and explain 4 characteristics of culture
- Culture is learned - culture is learned through past generations and ancestry. By living in a certain environment, we inherit the same culture that is taught to us.
- Culture is shared - culture is taken from past and present generations and shared to newer generations. We share our cultures with others and reflect on our values and beliefs.
- Culture has patterns - Even though individuals may share the same culture, people hold their own beliefs and values. These can agree or disagree with others, causing a pattern of similiarity or difference within cultures.
- Culture shapes the way we perceive the world - As we believe and value a certain idea, they can definitely change our views on the world. For instance, as taught from a young age, we approach certain issues in a specific manner as our views have been shaped by our cultural ideas.
~ our culture changes, shapes, and influences the way we think, treat, and perceive others
Identify 3 branches of cultural anthropology and provide an example of each
- Archaeology - relates to the past & analyzes material and human remains left by ancient cultures
~ ex. digging up fossils and ancient remains to compare with those of today to see the similarities and differences to help us understand the connections between species - Ethnology - the study and comparison of past & contemporary cultures
~ ex. comparing a culture from the olden times to right now and seeing the different changes in beliefs and values (ex. comparing Vedas teachings to nowadays teachings for Hinduism) - Applied anthropology: an action-oriented branch that takes a hands-on approach to ongoing issues
~ ex. waste pollution and healthcare
~ ex. raising awareness and protests for issues
