psychology Flashcards
what is cte
cte is a fatal and progressive disease that causes the loss of neurons
Hypothesis
it is hypothesised that ( population) who (iv) will (direction prediction) as compared to those who ( are not exposed to the iv)
independent variable
that is manipulated or varied to test its effect on the dv
dependent variable
a variable that is used to measure the effect of the iv
confounding variable
influences both dependent and independent variable in a confounder
situational variables
the specific combinations of psychological and contextual factors that exist
psychological development
humans grow, change, and adapt across their lives
hereditary factors
(nature)
factors that influence development and are genetically passed down from biological parents to offsprings
environmental factors
(nurture)
factors that influence development and arise from an individual physical and social surroundings
genetic predisposition
a tendancy for certain traits to be inherited, including psychological and mental conditions
biopsyhcosocial model
a hollistic framework for understanding the human experience in. terms of influence of the bio, soc, psych factors
plasticity
the brains ability to physically change shape in response to experience and learning
critical period
the narrow development period which a specific function or skill to be learnt
sensitive period
the optimal development period for specific function or skill to be learnt the easiest or fast way
brocas area
the responsible for the production of speech. it coordinates the muscle movements required for the produce fluent speech
wernickes area
is responsible for the comprehension of speech. understanding the spoken language
cerebum
largest part of the brain responsible for thoughts. things u can actively think about or do
medulla
the connection between brainstem and spinal cord
pons
unconcious processes and jobs such as sleep wake cycle and breathing
reticular
(brain stem)
subserves the motor sensory, behavioural
thalamus
a paired grey matter structure of the location near the centre of the brain
hypothalamus
acts like your body’s smart control coordinating centre
hindbrain
a region at the back of the brain located around and including some of the brainstem
midbrain
a region at the centre of the brain, between the forebrain and hindbrain. (mental processes)
forebrain
top of the brain. receives and processing sensory information
neuron
a nerve cell that receives and transmits neural information
synapse
the region that includes the axon terminals of the synaptic neuron, the synaptic gap and dendrites of the post synaptic
neuroplastcity
the ability of the brain to change in response to experiment or environmental stimulation
adaptive plastcity
the brains ability to restore adequate neural functioning over time after sustaining injury
sprouting
a neurons ability to develop new branches on the dendrite or axon
rerouting
a neurons ability to form a new connection with another undamaged neuron
developmental plasticity
changes in the brain that occur in response to ageing and maturation
myelination
the formation of synapses between neurons as axon terminals and dendrites grow
synaptogenesis
the formation and development of myelin around the axon of a neuron
synaptic pruning
the elimination of unused synapses
brain trauma
damage to the brain that is caused by an external force
acquired brain injury
all types of brain injury that occurs after birth
parkisons disease
a progressive disease of the nervous system by both motor and non motor symptoms
neurodegenerative disease
a disease characterised by the progressive loss of the neurons in the brain
dopamine
when neurontransmitters coordinate voluntary movement and the experience of pleasure and pain
epilepsy
a neuronlogical disorder that is associated with abnormal electrical activity is the brain is catergorised by recurrent seizures
seizures
brief episodes of uncontrolled electrical discharging of neurons
gut brain axis
the bidirection connection between the gut and the brain through multiple parts of the nervous system
Chronic encephalopathy CTE
The progressive and fatal disease associated with repeated head injuries and concussions
nature vs nurture debate
the effect genes have on human dispositions as opposed to the influence that early environment and development might have
emotional development
the contunious, lifelong development of skills that allow for feeling and expressions
secure attachment
involves the need of the infant being consistently met by their primary caregivers
development outcomes:
- sense of trust
- feeling secure
feeling valued
insecure attachment
involves the inconsistently neeting the infant needs by their primary caregivers or ignoring their needs
development outcomes:
- craving or rejecting affection
- increased anxiety
- inability to express emotions
cognitive development
the continious, lifelong development of the ability to think, comprehend and organise information
parkisons disease
symptoms:
Parkinson’s often starts with a tremor in one hand. Other symptoms are slow movement, stiffness and loss of balance.
relevant brain area:
nerve cells in the basal ganglia
treatments:
medication to increase dopamine
