biology unit 2

Question 1

plant cell:
nucleus

Answer 1

The nucleus is surrounded by a double membrane. Its role is to protect and confine the genetic information (DNA) of the cell.

Question 2

ribosome

Answer 2

Ribosomes are tiny structures made of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and proteins that fold into a large and small subunit.they are many ribosomes that are attached to the rough endoplasmic reticulum or freely in the cytoplasm

Question 3

Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)

Answer 3

A membranous chain of connected and flattened sacs which are coated with ribosomes. This allows the rough endoplasmic reticulum to synthesise and modify proteins.

Question 4

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)

Answer 4

The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is responsible for the production of libids in a cell and is not coated with ribosomes

Question 5

Golgi apparatus

Answer 5

Stacked flattened sacs that are the sites of protein sorting, packaging, and modification for use in the cell or export. Protein-filled vesicles often fuse with or bud off from the Golgi apparatus. Also known as the Golgi body.

Question 6

Lysome

Answer 6

A membrane-bound vesicle that contains digestive enzymes. It is responsible for breaking down cell waste and toxins, acting like a garbage disposal.

Question 7

Mitochondrion

Answer 7

An organelle with a highly folded inner membrane surrounded by a second outer membrane. Mitochondria are the site of aerobic cellular respiration, a chemical reaction that produces the ATP required to power cellular processes.

Question 8

Chloroplast

Answer 8

A double membrane-bound organelle that contains flattened, fluid-filled sacs that are the site of photosynthesis. Chloroplasts also contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 9

Vacuole

Answer 9

A membrane-bound sac that is used for water and solute storage. Vacuoles can also play a role in maintaining plant cell structure.

Question 10

Plasma membrane

Answer 10

The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier between the intracellular and the extracellular environment. It is made of a phospholipid bilayer which is studded with many molecules.

Question 11

Cell wall

Answer 11

A sturdy border outside the plasma membrane that provides strength and structure to plant, bacterial, and fungal cells.

Question 12

Animal cell:
nucleous

Answer 12

a round structure in the nucleus that makes ribosomes

Question 13

cytoplasm

Answer 13

jelly like fluid that surrounds and protects the organelles

Question 14

cell membrane

Answer 14

a double layer that supports and protects cells. Allows materials in and out

Question 15

Bacteria cell:
Capsule

Answer 15

Made up of complex polysaccharides, it forms the outermost covering of the bacterial cell. Capsules are an important structural component that keeps the bacterium from drying out, also protecting them from being engulfed by larger microbes. It provides the bacterial cell the ability to cause disease.

Question 16

Cell Wall

Answer 16

It is a rigid covering composed of peptidoglycan, a polymer of protein and sugar molecules that provides shape and structural support to the cell. Based on their staining properties and composition

Question 17

Cytoplasmic Membrane:

Answer 17

It is a semi-permeable membrane composed of lipids and proteins that separates the inside of the cell from its external environment.

Question 18

Cytoplasm:

Answer 18

Present below the cytoplasmic membrane and distributed throughout the cell, it is a gel-like matrix mainly composed of water along with dissolved salts and minerals.

Question 19

Nucleoid:

Answer 19

It is the region where the single, circular DNA of bacteria is found.

Question 20

Ribosomes:

Answer 20

They are granular structures that are found scattered unevenly throughout the cytoplasm, which helps bacteria to synthesize proteins.

Question 21

Inclusion Bodies:

Answer 21

hey are non-living structures present in the cytoplasm. Based on their nature, the inclusion bodies are of three types— gas vacuoles, inorganic inclusions, and food reserve.

Question 22

Flagella:

Answer 22

They are long hair-like structures attached to the cell surface that helps in bacterial movement.

Question 23

Pili:

Answer 23

They are short hair-like projections emerging from outside the cell. These outgrowths assist the bacteria in attaching to other cells and surfaces, such as teeth, intestines, and rocks. Bacteria use specialized pili, called sex pili, for reproduction.

Question 24

plasmid:

Answer 24

small circular DNA molecule found in bacteria and some other microscopic organisms.