Psychology Flashcards
What is a personality disorder?
persistent disorders characterized by a relatively inflexible reaction to stress
What is antisocial behavior?
psycho/sociapath that acts out conflict without remorse or guilt and has difficultly following rules
What is compulsive behavior?
descriptive of thoughts or behavior which are automatic responses to anxiety or stress, obsessive. Ex: compulsive hand washing caused by an obsession with cleanliness or a phobia of being unclean
What is hysterical behavior?
histrionic-attention seeking, aggressive, seductive person who is unable to be deepy involved emotionally
What is Narcissism?
attention seeking, regards no one else as important, strong admiration for self/exhibitist
What is Paranoid behavior?
preoccupations with delusions
sensitive, defensive, suspicion leading to aggression, unfounded beliefs that others want to harm him
What is passive aggressive behavior?
taking aggressive actions in an indirect manner, argumentative
What is Schizoid Behavior?
ungluing of “reason” and emotion
introverted and withdrawn, emotionally cold and distant, avoids social interaction
delusions and hallucination
What is defense mechanisms?
Unconscious strategies utilized to cope with reality
What is denial?
refusal to perceive unpleasant realities
painful subject stems from external sources such as impulses or fantasies
most common seem in alcoholics
What is projection?
act of assigning a feeling or belief to another person, group or in the outside world
What is rationalization?
attributing one’s own unacceptable desires and impulses to someone else
What is reaction formation?
depressed, unacceptable behavior expressed in an exaggerated form of an opposite behavior
What is regression?
a response to stress in which an individual reverts to a less developmentally mature stage
What is repression?
the unconscious exclusion of painful impulses, desire or fears from the conscious mind
What is transference?
redirecting ones feelings (aggression or affection) from one person to another
What is sublimation?
channeling unacceptable impulses or energy into socially acceptable activity
How do anxiety disorders present?
present with physical symptoms (heart palpitations, increased heart rate, shortness of breath, sweating, tingling, dizziness)
What is anxiety?
a state of intense apprehension or worry often accompanied by physical symptoms such as shaking, intense feelings in the gut. ex: common in mental illness or after a very distressing experience
What is a panic disorder?
repeated attacks of severe anxiety
What is obsessive behavior?
reoccuring, intrusive thought or image that seems senseless or unpleasant
What is compulsion?
activity designed to reduce anxiety that a person feels compelled to repeat with no conscious desire to do so
When does OCD begin?
perfectionist, inflexible, uncontrollably entangled with details and highly repetitive activities
most often begins in early adolescence but can begin in childhood
What is phobic behavior?
an irrational or unrealistic fear of a situation, animal, person or activity
Agoraphobia
fear of public spaces
Acrophobia
fear of heights
Astrophobia
fear of thunder and lightning
Astraphobia
fear of stars or celestial space
What are somatoform disorders?
psychological conflicts take on a physical form and no organic evidence exists to explain
What is somatization disorder?
chronic, cyclic multiple somatic complaints not due to a physical illness. Symptoms cannot be explained by physical syndrome. Patient seeks treatment and changes life as a result of the symptoms. Patient presents with symptoms in a vague and exaggerated way. More concerned with discomfort than disease
What is hypochondriasis?
an exaggerated pre-occupation with bodily functions and fear that one is suffering from serious disease. patient believes they have a disease or one is soon going to occur. Disease is thought to be imminent. Patient presents with having diagnosed himself, in a very detailed way, hoping for a dreaded diagnosis.
What is conversion hysteria?
conversion reaction - loss or change of physical function caused by a psychological conflict. Conversion symptoms are not supported by medical evidence but not faked. Often appear rapidly after trauma. Involuntary response. Most common disability seen” paralysis, blindness, mutism, deafness, seizures
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
pervasive belief that a body part is misshapen or malformed. patient able to admit that he/she is exaggerating. may avoid mirrors or social contact
What is affective disorder?
severe fluctuation of mood or personality
What is alcoholism associated with?
delirium tremors and folate deficiency
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Severe restriction of calories; fear of fat and body image distortions, amenorrhea, excessive exercise
What is Bipolar Affective Disorder?
manic depressive- behavior alternates between mania and melancholia: highs and lows
What is the Age of onset for Bipolar?
childhood to 50 years of age
What is the duration of Bipolar?
average manic episode lasts 3 months, depressive phase 6-9 month
What is Bulimia Nervosa
preoccupation with food, binge eating with subsequent purging, body image distortion
What is Catatonia?
muscle inhibition
What is Dysthymic disorder?
mild chronic depression. symptoms need to occur most of the time for 2 years. Same symptoms as depression but not as severe
Age of onset of dysthymic disorder?
adolescence and early childhood
What are hallucinations?
perception problem
What is involutional melancholia?
a period of depression associated wtih menopause
What is Schizophrenia
delusions, hallucinations, social
What is trasvestite?
a person who adopts the dress of the opposite sex, cross desser
What is aversion?
therapy use to treat alcoholics by associating drinking with unpleasant consequences
What is classical conditioning?
two events that occur close together in time become fused in the persons mind(Pavlov dogs)
What is operant conditioning?
a satisfying reinforcement that strengthens the behavior. Unsatisfying consequences weaken behavior and make it less likely to be repeated.
What is negative reinforcement?
taking away the aversive stimulus in response to a person’s action increased the action(ex picking up a crying baby encouarges the baby to cry more)
What is flooding therapy?
a form of desensitization for the treatment of phobias and related disorders in which the patient is repeatedly exposed to emotionally distressing stimuli of high intensity
What is modeling therapy?
a behavior modification technique in which one is taught to imitate the desired behavior of another
What is Rorschach test?
psychological testing using a series of inkblot images
What is Wechsler Scale?
A method of IQ testing
What did Freud contribute to the field of psychology
development of free association and dream analysis as a route to the unconscious mind. Developed the psychosexual stages of development going from oral to anal to phallic
Id
basic instincts
Ego
Reality and control
Superego
guilt and consciousness
What did Jung contribute to the field of psychology?
the collective unconscious of man, used for psychoanalysis
What did Maslow contribute to the field of psychology?
Hierarchy of human needs, physiology, safely, love, esteem, and self actualization
What did Pavlov contribute to the field of psychology?
Operant conditioning
