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MCAT > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

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MCAT flashcards
1
Q

Spreading of Activation Theory

A

when the representation of a concept is activated in memory, the activation spreads to concepts that are semantically or associatively related to it.

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2
Q

Piaget’s theory of cognitive development: when is mastery of conservation

A
  • main criteria for entering the concrete operations stage

- starts at 7 and ends around 11-12

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3
Q

Behaviorism

A

cognition doesnt matter, just observable behavior matters (OPERANT CONDITIONING)

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4
Q

Social Cognitive

A

Bio psycho social models of throught- behavior is a consequence of these cognitive factors

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5
Q

Bottom-up Processing

A

“start at your feet and move up”- sensory to then cognitive thought

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6
Q

top-down processing

A

“starts at your head”- what you already think and know is how you perceive things first

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7
Q

Longitudinal study

A

long period of time w/a specific cohort of people EX ARIC

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8
Q

Correlational study

A

attempts to determine if there is simply a relationship between two variables (observational studies that do not prove causation between variables)

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9
Q

Retrospective Study

A

outcome of interest already happened

EX: people have stroke–> go back in time to view chart and determine why

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10
Q

Prospective study

A

follow a gropu of people and see how their behavior in that time influences future outcomes

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11
Q

Mixed-method research design

A

use both qualitative and quantitative measures to conduct your study; (rate item on a scale of 1-10, then follow-up with qualitative observations)

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12
Q

Sound- induced vibrations depolarize hair cells of cochlea. How are these ion channels gated?

A

Mechanically b/c the vibration of the hair cells due to sound waves causes an ion channel to open.

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13
Q

Selye’s General Adaption Syndrome (GAS)

A

organism’s stress response always follows a similar course, regardless of the exact nature of the stressor

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14
Q

Social Support

A

tangible and intangible forms of assistance that individuals receive from their social ties; describes assistance instead of the type of relationships among a network of people

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15
Q

Social network analysis

A

mapping the social relationships that exist among a set of individuals; ex: like with communicable diseases

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16
Q

Social stratification

A

hierarchy of social positions in a society (often according to social class or social status)

17
Q

social reproduction

A

perpetuation of inequality through social institutions

18
Q

Group Polarization

A

people’s attitudes become more extreme after they discuss with like minded individuals (can be polarized EITHER WAY)

19
Q

erikson’s theory of psychosocial development- adults deal with

A

generativity vs stagnation

20
Q

Nativist Theory of Language

A

humans have an innate ability to speak and use language

21
Q

Intrinsic Motivation

A

increase in the desire to do something as a result of internal factors (personal growth/ satisfaction etc)

22
Q

Extrinsic Motivation

A

an increase in the desire to do something as a result of external factors; to seek reward or avoid punishment

23
Q

Chunking

A

a sequence of items is combined into a single unit, making it easier to recognize

24
Q

Priming

A

previous experience influences current interpretation of an event

25
Q

Implicit memory

A

knowledge that results from automatic processing; memories are stored and encoded without consciously being attended to.

26
Q

Sensory memory

A

info that is received from the environment by the senses; lasts for a short period of time

27
Q

short term memory

A

7+/- 2 items; lasts for less than 1 minute

28
Q

Episodic memory

A

personal history, events & experiences

29
Q

semantic

A

general knowledge about the world

30
Q

role strain

A

tension that results from competing demands w/in the context of a single social role.

31
Q

role conflict

A

tension exist between social expectations of two or more social roles that a single individual holds

32
Q

Large group dynamics

A

more stable but less intimate

33
Q

small group dynamics

A

less stable but more intimate

34
Q

functionalist theory

A

social phenomena have specific functions that work within a systematic whole

35
Q

conflict theory

A

competition between social groups over the allocation of resources; power and authority are unequally distributed

36
Q

symbolic interactionism

A

focus on social interactions and the subjective meaning that emerges from social interactions

MCAT (9 decks)

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