Psychology 101 Test 1 Flashcards
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Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Fundamental Attribution Effect
Thinking people act a certain way because they are like that, rather than to think the situation was at fault (a little bias)
Psych History and Research: W.E.I.R.D.
Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic or
White, Educated, from Industrialized, Rich, Democracies
Psych History and Research: Kenneth Clark and Mamie Clark
-Conducted studies in New York City in 1300’s
-First African American to get PHD in 1940
-First African American women to get PHD in 1943
Social Psychology/Cognitive Psychology: Self Serving Bias
Attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light (Ex. I’m smart/The test was easy)
Psych History and Research: Doll Tests
-The Clarks used doll studies in the Brown vs Board of Education decision to desegragate schools.
-The Clarks gave children four dolls: Two black and two white dolls. They asked the children which dolls were the nice and which were bad.
Psych History and Research: Experiments
Manipulate a variable to investigate cause and effect
Psych History and Research: Eugenics
The practice of improving human species by selective breeding
Psych History and Research: Hypothesis
Tentative and testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables
Introduction: Biopsychological Framework
Perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health, actions, thoughts and feelings
Social Psychology
Examines how people affect one another, and it looks at the power of the situation.
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Dispositional Attribution
The person’s stable enduring traits, inside the person (personality, ability, emotions).
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Social Roles
A pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Social Norms
A groups expectation of how they are supposed to behave and think
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Social Scripts
A person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: The Zimbardo Experiment
The Zimbardo experiment revealed how situational factors and assigned roles can lead to extreme behaviors, as college students quickly adopted abusive and submissive roles in a simulated prison setting.
Social Cognition
How actions affect attitudes
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Spotlight effect
Assuming that people are having their attention focused on you when they actually may not be noticing you
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Cognitive Dissonance
Attitude not aligned with behavior (Ex. Believe cigarettes are bad for you but still smokes anyway)
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon
The tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one.
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Persuasion
Process of changing our attitudes towards something based on some kind of communication.
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Central Route Persuasion
Going directly through the rational mind, influencing attitudes with evidence and logic
Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Peripheral Route Persuasuion
Changing attitudes by going around the rational minds and appealing to emotions, desires and associations.
Social Influence: Solomon Asch’s Experiment
There was one subject, while the rest were in on the experiment, giving the wrong answers. 3 of the 4 participants conformed to group pressure at least once by indicating the incorrect line.
Social Influence: Conformity
The change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if he does not agree with the group.
Social Influence: Milgram Experiment
An authority figure tells participants to administer shocks to a “learner” when the learner gets it wrong.
Social Influence: Obedience
The change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure.
Social Facilitation
Individual performance is intensified when you are observed by others
Social Loafing
The tendency of people in a group to show less effort when not held individually accountable.
Group Polarization
When people of similar views form a group together, discussions within the group makes their views more extreme.
Altruism
People’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping
Bystander Effect
Phenomenon in which a witness/bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress.
Prejudice
An unjustified negative attitude/emotion toward a group and its members.
Discrimination
Unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group.
In-Groups
A group that we identify with or we see ourselves belonging to.
Out-Groups
A group that we view as fundamentally different from us.
Triangular Theory of Love
- Intimacy (Liking)- Sharing of details, thoughts and emotions
- Passion (Infatuation)- physical attraction
- Commitment (Empty Love)- Standing by the person
Scientific Method
Theory: What past studies are you basing your study on?
Question: What is your research question?
Participants: Who will be in your study?
Methods: What data will you collect?
Victim Blaming (AKA Just World Hypothesis)
Belief that people get the outcomes they deserve
Cognitive Psychology
Branch of psychology that studies mental processes, including perception, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.
Mob Mentality
Loss of self awareness and self restraint
