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American Criminal Justice System > Psychology 101 Test 1 > Flashcards

Psychology 101 Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

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Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Fundamental Attribution Effect

A

Thinking people act a certain way because they are like that, rather than to think the situation was at fault (a little bias)

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2
Q

Psych History and Research: W.E.I.R.D.

A

Western Educated Industrialized Rich Democratic or
White, Educated, from Industrialized, Rich, Democracies

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3
Q

Psych History and Research: Kenneth Clark and Mamie Clark

A

-Conducted studies in New York City in 1300’s
-First African American to get PHD in 1940
-First African American women to get PHD in 1943

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4
Q

Social Psychology/Cognitive Psychology: Self Serving Bias

A

Attributions that enable us to see ourselves in favorable light (Ex. I’m smart/The test was easy)

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5
Q

Psych History and Research: Doll Tests

A

-The Clarks used doll studies in the Brown vs Board of Education decision to desegragate schools.

-The Clarks gave children four dolls: Two black and two white dolls. They asked the children which dolls were the nice and which were bad.

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6
Q

Psych History and Research: Experiments

A

Manipulate a variable to investigate cause and effect

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7
Q

Psych History and Research: Eugenics

A

The practice of improving human species by selective breeding

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8
Q

Psych History and Research: Hypothesis

A

Tentative and testable prediction about the relationship between two or more variables

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9
Q

Introduction: Biopsychological Framework

A

Perspective that asserts that biology, psychology, and social factors interact to determine an individual’s health, actions, thoughts and feelings

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10
Q

Social Psychology

A

Examines how people affect one another, and it looks at the power of the situation.

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11
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Dispositional Attribution

A

The person’s stable enduring traits, inside the person (personality, ability, emotions).

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12
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Social Roles

A

A pattern of behavior that is expected of a person in a given setting or group

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13
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Social Norms

A

A groups expectation of how they are supposed to behave and think

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14
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Social Scripts

A

A person’s knowledge about the sequence of events expected in a specific setting

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15
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: The Zimbardo Experiment

A

The Zimbardo experiment revealed how situational factors and assigned roles can lead to extreme behaviors, as college students quickly adopted abusive and submissive roles in a simulated prison setting.

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16
Q

Social Cognition

A

How actions affect attitudes

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17
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Spotlight effect

A

Assuming that people are having their attention focused on you when they actually may not be noticing you

18
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Cognitive Dissonance

A

Attitude not aligned with behavior (Ex. Believe cigarettes are bad for you but still smokes anyway)

19
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Foot-in-the-Door Phenomenon

A

The tendency to be more likely to agree to a large request after agreeing to a small one.

20
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Persuasion

A

Process of changing our attitudes towards something based on some kind of communication.

21
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Central Route Persuasion

A

Going directly through the rational mind, influencing attitudes with evidence and logic

22
Q

Social Psychology/Social Cognition: Peripheral Route Persuasuion

A

Changing attitudes by going around the rational minds and appealing to emotions, desires and associations.

23
Q

Social Influence: Solomon Asch’s Experiment

A

There was one subject, while the rest were in on the experiment, giving the wrong answers. 3 of the 4 participants conformed to group pressure at least once by indicating the incorrect line.

24
Q

Social Influence: Conformity

A

The change in a person’s behavior to go along with the group, even if he does not agree with the group.

25
Q

Social Influence: Milgram Experiment

A

An authority figure tells participants to administer shocks to a “learner” when the learner gets it wrong.

26
Q

Social Influence: Obedience

A

The change of an individual’s behavior to comply with a demand by an authority figure.

27
Q

Social Facilitation

A

Individual performance is intensified when you are observed by others

28
Q

Social Loafing

A

The tendency of people in a group to show less effort when not held individually accountable.

29
Q

Group Polarization

A

When people of similar views form a group together, discussions within the group makes their views more extreme.

30
Q

Altruism

A

People’s desire to help others even if the costs outweigh the benefits of helping

31
Q

Bystander Effect

A

Phenomenon in which a witness/bystander does not volunteer to help a victim or person in distress.

32
Q

Prejudice

A

An unjustified negative attitude/emotion toward a group and its members.

33
Q

Discrimination

A

Unjustified behavior selectively applied to members of a group.

34
Q

In-Groups

A

A group that we identify with or we see ourselves belonging to.

34
Q

Out-Groups

A

A group that we view as fundamentally different from us.

35
Q

Triangular Theory of Love

A
  1. Intimacy (Liking)- Sharing of details, thoughts and emotions
  2. Passion (Infatuation)- physical attraction
  3. Commitment (Empty Love)- Standing by the person
36
Q

Scientific Method

A

Theory: What past studies are you basing your study on?
Question: What is your research question?
Participants: Who will be in your study?
Methods: What data will you collect?

36
Q

Victim Blaming (AKA Just World Hypothesis)

A

Belief that people get the outcomes they deserve

37
Q

Cognitive Psychology

A

Branch of psychology that studies mental processes, including perception, memory, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision-making.

37
Q

Mob Mentality

A

Loss of self awareness and self restraint

American Criminal Justice System (5 decks)

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