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PE > Psychology > Flashcards

Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Open skill

A

Occur in variable and unpredictable environments. Affected by the environment

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2
Q

Closed skill

A

Occur in fixed and predictable situations. Not affected by the environment
-this skill is habitual

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3
Q

Basic skill

A

A skill that requires few decisions with little information to process

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4
Q

Complex skill

A

A skill that requires decision making using lots of information

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5
Q

Self-paced skill

A

When the performer controls the start and speed of a skill

- no external factors

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6
Q

Externally paced skill

A

When the performer has no control over the start of speed of the skill
- involves reacting to external factors

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7
Q

Gross skill

A

An action that uses large muscle groups

Not very precise

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8
Q

Fine skill

A

An action that uses smaller muscle groups

Small precise movements

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9
Q

what is a Skill

A

A learned action or behaviour that brings about predetermined results

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10
Q

Ability

A

A natural, inherited capability

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11
Q

Well being

A

A mix of physical, social and mental well-being that gives people a sense of being comfortable, healthy and/or happy

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12
Q

Fitness

A

The ability to cope with the demands of the environment

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13
Q

Health

A

A state of complete physical mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease

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14
Q

Social health and well-being

A

Basic human needs are being met

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15
Q

Physical health and well-being

A

All body systems are working well, free from illness and injury. Able to carry out everyday tasks

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16
Q

Mental health and well-being

A

A state of well-being in which the individual

  • realised their own potential,
  • can cope with the normal stresses of life and
  • can work productively and fruitfully
  • able to make a contribution to their community
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17
Q

why is Physical health and well being important

A

Improve heart function
Improves efficiency of the body systems
Reduces the risk of some illness
Helps to avoid obesity

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18
Q

Mental health and well-being helps to

A

Reduce stress and tension
Release serotonin
Ability to control emotions

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19
Q

Social health and well-being helps to

A

Create opportunities to socialise
Cooperate
Teamwork

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20
Q

Fitness helps to

A

Reduce the chance of injury

Can help with the physicality of work/ a job

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21
Q

SMART stands for

A 
Specificity
Measurable
Achievable
Realistic
Times bound
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22
Q

Specificity

A

Clearly explain what you want to achieve and ensure your target is specific and relevant

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23
Q

Measurable

A

Set measured targets so you can track your progress and measure if your target has been achieved

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24
Q

Accepted

A

Any targets should be decided on by all participants

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25
Q

Realistic

A

Ensure your target is realistic for you personally

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26
Q

Time bound

A

Create a time frame for you to achieve your targets

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27
Q

SMART goals are set to

A

Increase motivation in order to progress

Enable you to monitor how well you are doing

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28
Q

Outcome goal

A

A target focused on winning or social comparison

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29
Q

Performance goal

A

A target focused on improving individual performance or technique

30
Q

Why are outcome goals not suitable for beginners

A

Because they are very hard to achieve. if failed they might become demotivated and drop out of the sport all together

31
Q

Arousal

A

A physical or mental state of heightened alertness, varying from deep sleep to intense excitement

32
Q

Evidence that arousal is high

A

Heart rate and breathing increased and sweating more

33
Q

Fine/precise movements require a ——- level of arousal

A

Low

34
Q

Gross/skills requiring large muscle groups require a —– level of arousal

A

High

35
Q

What does SPORT FITT stand for

A

Specificity Progressive Overload Reversibility Tedium Frequency Intensity Type Time

36
Q

Stress management techniques

A

Deep Breathing
Mental Rehearsal
Positive self talk

37
Q

What is positive self talk

A

Using self talk and positive imagery to create a positive frame of mind

38
Q

what is mental rehearsal

A

visualise performing the activity or skill successfully to boost confidence

39
Q

Why would you use a deep breathing exercise when controlling arousal

A

in order to slow down heart rate and reduce anxiety

40
Q

Direct agression

A

Aggressive act which involves physical contact with others

41
Q

Indirect aggression

A

Does not involve physical contact. aggression is taken out on an object

42
Q

Example of indirect aggression

A

Hitting/throwing the ball/shuttlecock hard

43
Q

Aggression

A

A deliberate intent to harm or injure another person which can be physical or mental

44
Q

Direct aggression example

A

A tackle in rugby

a punch in boxing etc

45
Q

Characteristics of an introvert

A

Shy, quiet, thoughtful, enjoy being on their own and tend to play individual sports with high concentration and precision and low arousal

46
Q

Characteristics of an extrovert

A

Sociable, enthusiastic, talkative, prone to boredom when by themselves
tend to play team sports with low concentration, a fast pace and using gross skills

47
Q

Intrinsic motivation

A

Motivation that comes form within. eg pride self-satisfaction

48
Q

Motivation

A

Gives the reasons for people’s actions, desires, and needs

49
Q

Extrinsic motivation

A

Motivation that comes from outside such as a coach or a medal

50
Q

Tangible

A

Something that can be touched. Eg medal certificate trophy

51
Q

Intangible

A

Not having physical presence/unable to be touched. Eg praise feedback applause

52
Q

Which type of motivation is generally deemed more effective

A

Intrinsic because performers can become so reliant of extrinsic motivation that it can start to undermine the strength of intrinsic motivation. Intrinsic motivation is also more likely to lead to continued effort and participation

53
Q

Describe the relationship between arousal and performance as shown in the inverted U theory

A

As arousal increases, so does performance level up until the optimum point of arousal. this optimum point is different for different sports and is the ideal place to be at for competition. If arousal increases any further after this point then performance level will start to drop.

54
Q

Can performance and outcome goals be combined

A

Yes but it is generally accepted that outcome goals should be avoided as they rely on factors that cannot be controlled

55
Q

High level of arousal is good for

A

Sports with gross skills and a fast pace

56
Q

Low level of arousal is good for

A

sports that require precision and fine movements

57
Q

what are the four stages of the information processing model

A
  • input
  • decision making
  • output
  • feedback
58
Q

in the information processing model, what is input

A

information from the display which has been filtered through selective attention

59
Q

in the information processing model, what is decision making

A

selection of the appropriate response from memory

60
Q

in the information processing model, what is output

A

information sent to the muscles to carry out the response

61
Q

in the information processing model, what is feedback

A

understanding what went right or wrong during the output stage

62
Q

what are the six types of feedback

A
  • knowledge of results
  • extrinsic
  • positive
  • knowledge of performance
  • intrinsic
  • negative
63
Q

2 positives of visual guidance

A
  • helps the learner visualise the skill

- skills can be broken down into parts to highlight the technical stages

64
Q

2 negatives of visual guidance

A
  • complex skills are difficult for the learner to understand

- static visual aids may not provide enough information

65
Q

2 positives of verbal guidance

A
  • can be provided during a performance

- can provide more technical, detailed information

66
Q

2 negatives of verbal guidance

A
  • information amount must be limited to avoid confusion

- complex and high organisational skills are very difficult to explain verbally

67
Q

2 positives of manual guidance

A
  • helps build confidence

- helps them gain a kinaesthetic sense of the movement

68
Q

2 negatives of manual guidance

A
  • learner can become dependent on i t

- difficult when working with large groups

69
Q

2 positives of mechanical guidance

A
  • eliminates danger

- reduces fear and anxiety

70
Q

2 negatives of mechanical guidance

A
  • the movement experienced with the guidance may be different to the actual movement
  • might not be possible for all sports/skills

PE (5 decks)

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