Psychology 1 Flashcards
How did Freud’s psychoanalytic theory differ from earlier psychological approaches?How did Freud’s psychoanalytic theory differ from earlier psychological approaches?
a.
It emphasized the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences
b.
It focused on observable behaviors rather than mental processes
c.
It rejected case studies in favor of laboratory experiments
d.
It focused on the function of consciousness for adaptation
It emphasized the role of the unconscious mind and early childhood experiences
What are the “Big Five” or Five Factor model related to?
Question 2Answer
a.
Stages of cognitive development
b.
Personality trait dimensions
c.
Types of psychological disorders
d.
Major fields of psychology
b.
Personality trait dimensions
What characterizes WEIRD societies in cross-cultural psychology research?
Question 3Answer
a.
They have been overstudied with results wrongly applied to other populations
b.
They demonstrate identical psychological processes to non-WEIRD societies
c.
They have been understudied compared to non-Western societies
d.
They display fewer cognitive biases than non-WEIRD societies
a.
They have been overstudied with results wrongly applied to other populations
What concept did Jean Piaget demonstrate through his research with young children?
Question 4Answer
a.
Classical conditioning
b.
Object permanence
c.
Psychosexual development
d.
Operant conditioning
b.
Object permanence
What controversial finding emerged from Stanley Milgram’s research on obedience?
Question 5Answer
a.
Most participants recognized the deception immediately
b.
Participants only obeyed when threatened with punishment
c.
Most participants refused to follow the experimenter’s orders
d.
Nearly two-thirds of participants were willing to deliver what they believed were lethal shocks when ordered
d.
Nearly two-thirds of participants were willing to deliver what they believed were lethal shocks when ordered
What degree is typically required to become a practicing clinical psychologist?
Question 6Answer
a.
Medical degree (MD)
b.
Master’s degree in psychology
c.
Doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD)
d.
Bachelor’s degree in psychology
c.
Doctoral degree (PhD or PsyD)
What did the cognitive revolution represent in the history of psychology?
Question 7Answer
a.
The rejection of scientific methods in psychology
b.
A return to introspection as the primary research method
c.
The dominance of behaviorism in all psychological research
d.
A renewed interest in mental processes as a focus of scientific inquiry
d.
A renewed interest in mental processes as a focus of scientific inquiry
What does psychology primarily focus on as a scientific discipline?
Question 8Answer
a.
The study of mental disorders and their treatments
b.
The scientific study of the mind and behavior
c.
The application of therapeutic techniques
d.
The development of educational assessment tools
b.
The scientific study of the mind and behavior
What does WEIRD stand for in cross-cultural psychology?
Question 9Answer
a.
Western, evolutionary, institutional, rational, and developmental
b.
Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic
c.
World, European, international, regional, and domestic
d.
Women, ethnic minorities, institutionally regulated, and demographically diverse
b.
Western, educated, industrialized, rich, and democratic
What ethical principle was violated in the Tuskegee Syphilis Study?
Question 10Answer
a.
Treatment was withheld from participants with syphilis even after an effective treatment became available
b.
Participants were properly informed about the study’s purpose and risks
c.
Researchers provided available treatment to all participants
d.
The study included minors without parental consent
a.
Treatment was withheld from participants with syphilis even after an effective treatment became available
What is Abraham Maslow’s key concept in humanistic psychology?
Question 11Answer
a.
Psychosexual stages
b.
The hierarchy of needs
c.
Classical conditioning
d.
The Skinner box
b.
The hierarchy of needs
What is B.F. Skinner known for in the field of psychology?
Question 12Answer
a.
Creating the psychoanalytic approach
b.
Developing the concept of introspection
c.
Establishing the first psychology laboratory in America
d.
Focusing on behavior affected by consequences (reinforcement and punishment)
d.
Focusing on behavior affected by consequences (reinforcement and punishment)
What is biopsychology primarily interested in studying?
Question 13Answer
a.
How the structure and function of the nervous system relate to behavior
b.
How social interactions affect behavior
c.
How cultural differences influence perception
d.
How childhood experiences affect adult behavior
a.
How the structure and function of the nervous system relate to behavior
What is cognitive psychology primarily concerned with?
Question 14Answer
a.
Observable behavior only
b.
Thoughts and mental processes that underlie behavior
c.
External environmental influences on behavior
d.
Unconscious conflicts from childhood
b.
Thoughts and mental processes that underlie behavior
What is the difference between a PhD and a PsyD degree in psychology?
Question 15Answer
a.
The PhD emphasizes research skills, while the PsyD focuses more on clinical application
b.
The PhD takes 8-10 years to complete, while the PsyD takes 2-3 years
c.
The PhD is internationally recognized, while the PsyD is only recognized in the United States
d.
The PhD is earned in universities, while the PsyD is obtained online
The PhD emphasizes research skills, while the PsyD focuses more on clinical application
What is the focus of health psychology according to the biopsychosocial model?
Question 16Answer
a.
Only psychological aspects of illness
b.
Only biological factors affecting health
c.
Exclusively sociocultural influences on health
d.
The interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors affecting health
d.
The interaction of biological, psychological, and sociocultural factors affecting health
What is the main difference between an informed consent form and a debriefing in research?
Question 18Answer
a.
Informed consent occurs before participation, debriefing occurs after
b.
Informed consent is written, debriefing is only verbal
c.
Informed consent is required by law, debriefing is optional
d.
Informed consent is for adults, debriefing is for minors
a.
Informed consent occurs before participation, debriefing occurs after
What is the primary focus of evolutionary psychology?
Question 19Answer
a.
Ultimate biological causes of behavior in terms of natural selection
b.
Social learning through observation
c.
Development of behavior across the lifespan
d.
Immediate physiological causes of behavior
a.
Ultimate biological causes of behavior in terms of natural selection
What is the purpose of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?
Question 20Answer
a.
To train researchers in animal psychology
b.
To ensure humane treatment of animal research subjects
c.
To develop new research methods for studying animals
d.
To evaluate research proposals involving human participants
b.
To ensure humane treatment of animal research subjects
What is the purpose of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC)?
Question 20Answer
a.
To train researchers in animal psychology
b.
To ensure humane treatment of animal research subjects
c.
To develop new research methods for studying animals
d.
To evaluate research proposals involving human participants
To ensure humane treatment of animal research subjects
What type of learning did Ivan Pavlov study in his famous experiments?
Question 21Answer
a.
Classical conditioning
b.
Observational learning
c.
Operant conditioning
d.
Cognitive learning
a.
Classical conditioning
What value does an undergraduate education in psychology provide according to the text?
Question 22Answer
a.
It develops critical thinking skills and scientific literacy valued by employers
b.
It provides skills only applicable to healthcare settings
c.
It primarily prepares students for graduate studies
d.
It leads directly to a career as a therapist
a.
It develops critical thinking skills and scientific literacy valued by employers
What was John B. Watson’s significant contribution to psychology?
Question 23Answer
a.
He developed the concept of the unconscious mind
b.
He established the first psychology laboratory
c.
He developed the humanistic approach to psychology
d.
He shifted psychology’s focus from the mind to observable behavior
d.
He shifted psychology’s focus from the mind to observable behavior
What was Naomi Weisstein’s critique that stimulated feminist psychology?
Question 24Answer
a.
She criticized male psychologists for constructing the psychology of women based on cultural biases
b.
She criticized the lack of women participants in psychological studies
c.
She criticized the cognitive approach to understanding gender differences
d.
She criticized the use of the scientific method in psychology
a.
She criticized male psychologists for constructing the psychology of women based on cultural biases
