phycolgy 4 Flashcards
What condition occurs when an individual stops breathing during sleep, usually for 10-20 seconds or longer?
Question 1Answer
a.
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
b.
Sleep apnea
c.
Cataplexy
d.
Narcolepsy
b.
Sleep apnea
hich of the following best describes the scientific method in psychology?
Question 2Answer
a.
A method rejecting empirical observations in favor of logic
b.
An empirical method based on observation and experimentation
c.
A method based exclusively on previous authorities
d.
A theoretical approach avoiding hypothesis testing
b.
An empirical method based on observation and experimentation
What term describes the biological rhythm that occurs over approximately 24 hours?
Question 3Answer
a.
Ultradian rhythm
b.
Diurnal rhythm
c.
Circadian rhythm
d.
Infradian rhythm
c.
Circadian rhythm
What was Wilhelm Wundt’s contribution to the field of psychology?
Question 4Answer
a.
He developed behaviorism as a scientific approach
b.
He was the first person referred to as a psychologist and established the first psychology laboratory
c.
He developed the psychoanalytic theory of the unconscious
d.
He created the humanistic approach to psychology
b.
He was the first person referred to as a psychologist and established the first psychology laboratory
When is deception considered acceptable in psychological research?
Question 5Answer
a.
Never; it violates ethical guidelines
b.
When participants are paid enough for their participation
c.
Only when researching cognitive processes
d.
When necessary to maintain experiment integrity and not harmful to participants
d.
When necessary to maintain experiment integrity and not harmful to participants
Why is psychology considered both a natural science and a social science?
Question 7Answer
a.
Because behavior is rooted in biology and influenced by social interactions
b.
Because psychological research must use both qualitative and quantitative methods
c.
Because it was developed by both biologists and sociologists
d.
Because psychologists must be trained in both biology and sociology
a.
Because behavior is rooted in biology and influenced by social interactions
What type of learning did Ivan Pavlov study in his famous experiments?
Question 6Answer
a.
Observational learning
b.
Operant conditioning
c.
Classical conditioning
d.
Cognitive learning
c.
Classical conditioning
Body temperature in humans typically:
Question 8Answer
a.
Peaks during sleep and drops during waking hours
b.
Remains constant throughout the 24-hour cycle
c.
Fluctuates randomly with no connection to sleep-wake cycles
d.
Rises throughout the waking day and falls during sleep
d.
Rises throughout the waking day and falls during sleep
According to the DSM-5, substance use disorder is defined as:
Question 10Answer
a.
A psychological dependence on a drug
b.
The presence of withdrawal symptoms when drug use is discontinued
c.
A physiological dependence on a drug
d.
A compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences
d.
A compulsive pattern of drug use despite negative consequences
How do stimulants like cocaine and amphetamines primarily work in the brain?
Question 9Answer
a.
By mimicking endorphins
b.
By increasing GABA activity
c.
By blocking the reuptake of dopamine
d.
By antagonizing serotonin receptors
c.
By blocking the reuptake of dopamine
What was the main focus of Gestalt psychology?
Question 11Answer
a.
Examining the function of consciousness in adaptation
b.
Studying only observable behaviors
c.
Understanding how the whole of perception differs from the sum of sensory parts
d.
Breaking down conscious experience into its basic elements
c.
Understanding how the whole of perception differs from the sum of sensory parts
What is consciousness defined as in the textbook?
Question 12Answer
a.
The ability to respond to verbal commands while sleeping
b.
The state of being fully awake during daylight hours
c.
The monitoring of one’s own thought processes during meditation
d.
Awareness of internal and external stimuli such as feelings of hunger and pain or detection of light
d.
Awareness of internal and external stimuli such as feelings of hunger and pain or detection of light
Which brain structure is responsible for generating circadian rhythms?
Question 13Answer
a.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
b.
Thalamus
c.
Pineal gland
d.
Hippocampus
a.
Suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
K-complexes and sleep spindles are features of which sleep stage?
Question 14Answer
a.
Stage 2
b.
Stage 1
c.
REM sleep
d.
Stage 3
a.
Stage 2
LSD and mescaline are classified as:
Question 15Answer
a.
Opioids
b.
Stimulants
c.
Depressants
d.
Hallucinogens
d.
Hallucinogens
What was John B. Watson’s significant contribution to psychology?
Question 16Answer
a.
He developed the humanistic approach to psychology
b.
He shifted psychology’s focus from the mind to observable behavior
c.
He established the first psychology laboratory
d.
He developed the concept of the unconscious mind
b.
He shifted psychology’s focus from the mind to observable behavior
According to the hypnogram shown in the textbook, which is true about sleep cycles?
Question 17Answer
a.
Sleep cycles progress from light sleep to deep sleep and then to REM sleep
b.
Most REM sleep occurs in the first hour of sleep
c.
People typically enter REM sleep immediately after falling asleep
d.
People spend equal amounts of time in each sleep stage
a.
Sleep cycles progress from light sleep to deep sleep and then to REM sleep
What condition results from the mismatch between internal circadian cycles and the environment?
Question 18Answer
a.
Narcolepsy
b.
Sleep apnea
c.
Insomnia
d.
Jet lag
d.
Jet lag
Meditation is best described as:
Question 19Answer
a.
The act of focusing on a single target such as breath to increase awareness of the moment
b.
A form of self-hypnosis that requires a trained professional
c.
An unconscious state similar to deep sleep but with increased alertness
d.
A deep sleep state induced by focusing on relaxing imagery
a.
The act of focusing on a single target such as breath to increase awareness of the moment
What value does an undergraduate education in psychology provide according to the text?
Question 20Answer
a.
It leads directly to a career as a therapist
b.
It develops critical thinking skills and scientific literacy valued by employers
c.
It provides skills only applicable to healthcare settings
d.
It primarily prepares students for graduate studies
b.
It develops critical thinking skills and scientific literacy valued by employers
What type of drugs typically act as GABA agonists with a quieting effect on the brain?
Question 21Answer
a.
Stimulants
b.
Hallucinogens
c.
Depressants
d.
Opioids
c.
Depressants
What is sleep debt?
Question 22Answer
a.
The financial cost of sleep disorders
b.
The result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
c.
The time it takes to fall asleep after going to bed
d.
The difference between weekend and weekday sleep duration
b.
The result of insufficient sleep on a chronic basis
Which brain waves are characteristic of Stage 2 sleep?
Question 23Answer
a.
Theta waves
b.
Delta waves
c.
Alpha waves
d.
Beta waves
a.
Theta waves
The hypothalamus is responsible for:
Question 24Answer
a.
Maintaining homeostasis in biological systems
b.
Creating K-complexes during sleep
c.
Generating dreams during REM sleep
d.
Producing melatonin
a.
Maintaining homeostasis in biological systems
