Psychologists Flashcards
and their contributions to Psych
Charles Darwin
Theory of evolution, survival of the fittest-origin of the species
Gordon Allport
Three levels of traits: 1. Cardinal trait-it is the dominant trait that characterizes your life
2.Central trait-one common to all people
3. Secondary trait- it surfaces in some situations and not in others
Hans Eysenck
PEN Model- Superfactors>factors>habits>behaviours
William Sheldon
Linked personality to physique
Endomorphic (large), mesomorphic (average), ectomorphic (skinny)
Erik Erikson
8 stages of life; psychological crisis in life “who am I”
Jean Piaget
4 stages of cognitive development
Urie Bronfenbrenner
Bioecological model-
Development in set of systems: cultural, social, economic, political
Micro>Meso>Exo>Macro>Chrono
Lev Vygostsky
Sociocultural Model
ZPD
Scaffolding
MKO
Lawrence Kohlberg
6 stages of moral development in children
under
3 levels of moral reasoning
John Watson
Founder of behaviourism
He conditioned fear of white rats and other furry objects in “Little Albert,” an orphaned 11-month-old boy.
Ivan Pavlov
Classical Conditioning
Clark Hull
Behviourist; drive reduction theory
BF Skinner
Behaviourism
Operant Conditioning (reward-punishment); Skinner Box (rat, electric rods, food, signal)
Albert Bandura
Observational Learning
Bobo doll
Modelling
Edward L. Thorndike
Primary area: Animal Intelligence
Theory of Connectionism
Law of Effect (behaviour-response)
Trace Decay Theory
George Armitage Miller
Short term memory contains seven, plus or minus two individual items (5 to 9 items)
Attkinson & Shiffrin
Model of working of human memory
Sensory
STM
LTM
Sigmund Freud
Psychoanalytic
Id, Ego, Super ego
Defense Mechanisms
Psychosexual stages of development
Alfred Adler
Psychoanalytic (neo Freudian)
Childhood social tension crucial for personality growth (Inferiority, compensation)
Karen Horney
Psychoanalytic (critical of Freud)
Current fears and impulses molds personality (neurotic needs, trends, 10 irrational solutions)
Albert Maslow
Humanistic
Hierarchy, 5 innate needs
Carl Rogers
Humanistic
Concept of Self
Unconditional Positive Regard
Positive self regard
Incongruence
Paul Broca
Broca’s Area: language center of brain; production of speech and language
Wernicke
Wernicke’s Area: Comprehension of language