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Psychologists Flashcards

and their contributions to Psych

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1
Q

Charles Darwin

A

Theory of evolution, survival of the fittest-origin of the species

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2
Q

Gordon Allport

A

Three levels of traits: 1. Cardinal trait-it is the dominant trait that characterizes your life
2.Central trait-one common to all people
3. Secondary trait- it surfaces in some situations and not in others

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3
Q

Hans Eysenck

A

PEN Model- Superfactors>factors>habits>behaviours

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4
Q

William Sheldon

A

Linked personality to physique
Endomorphic (large), mesomorphic (average), ectomorphic (skinny)

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5
Q

Erik Erikson

A

8 stages of life; psychological crisis in life “who am I”

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6
Q

Jean Piaget

A

4 stages of cognitive development

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7
Q

Urie Bronfenbrenner

A

Bioecological model-
Development in set of systems: cultural, social, economic, political
Micro>Meso>Exo>Macro>Chrono

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8
Q

Lev Vygostsky

A

Sociocultural Model
ZPD
Scaffolding
MKO

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9
Q

Lawrence Kohlberg

A

6 stages of moral development in children
under
3 levels of moral reasoning

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10
Q

John Watson

A

Founder of behaviourism
He conditioned fear of white rats and other furry objects in “Little Albert,” an orphaned 11-month-old boy.

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11
Q

Ivan Pavlov

A

Classical Conditioning

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12
Q

Clark Hull

A

Behviourist; drive reduction theory

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13
Q

BF Skinner

A

Behaviourism
Operant Conditioning (reward-punishment); Skinner Box (rat, electric rods, food, signal)

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14
Q

Albert Bandura

A

Observational Learning
Bobo doll
Modelling

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15
Q

Edward L. Thorndike

A

Primary area: Animal Intelligence
Theory of Connectionism
Law of Effect (behaviour-response)
Trace Decay Theory

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16
Q

George Armitage Miller

A

Short term memory contains seven, plus or minus two individual items (5 to 9 items)

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17
Q

Attkinson & Shiffrin

A

Model of working of human memory
Sensory
STM
LTM

18
Q

Sigmund Freud

A

Psychoanalytic
Id, Ego, Super ego
Defense Mechanisms
Psychosexual stages of development

19
Q

Alfred Adler

A

Psychoanalytic (neo Freudian)
Childhood social tension crucial for personality growth (Inferiority, compensation)

20
Q

Karen Horney

A

Psychoanalytic (critical of Freud)
Current fears and impulses molds personality (neurotic needs, trends, 10 irrational solutions)

21
Q

Albert Maslow

A

Humanistic
Hierarchy, 5 innate needs

22
Q

Carl Rogers

A

Humanistic
Concept of Self
Unconditional Positive Regard
Positive self regard
Incongruence

23
Q

Paul Broca

A

Broca’s Area: language center of brain; production of speech and language

24
Q

Wernicke

A

Wernicke’s Area: Comprehension of language

25
Q

Kubler-Ross

A

Stages of Grief
Denial>Anger/resentment>Bargaining (w God)> Depression>Acceptance

26
Q

Wilhelm Wundt

A

one of the fathers of psychology
First psychology lab, 1879 Leipzig

27
Q

Francis Galton

A

Founder of Differential Psychology (psychological differences, genetic inheritance, between people rather than common traits)
Formulation of the first mental tests

28
Q

Carl Jung

A

analytical psychology
individuation and the self, the shadow, personal and collective unconscious, complexes and archetypes

29
Q

Albert Ellis

A

Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (type of CBT)
Altering client’s patterns of irrational thinking to reduce maladaptive behaviour and emotions

30
Q

William James, Carl Lange

A

James-Lange Theory of emotion

31
Q

Alfred Binet

A

First IQ Test (Binet-Simon); to indentify slow learners

32
Q

Lewis Terman

A

Revised Binet’s IQ test- “Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test” for American children

33
Q

Robert Sternberg

A

Triarchic Theory of Intelligence- analytical, creative, practical
Theory of Love- commitment, passion, intimacy (fatuous, romantic, companionate)

34
Q

Howard Gardner

A

Theory of Multiple Intelligence (8- mathematical, spatial, bodily-kinetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic, verbal)

35
Q

Charles Spearman

A

Two-Factor theory of intelligence
‘g’ factor- general ability/intelligence
‘s’ factor- specific abilities

36
Q

Simon Asch

A

Study on conformity.
Experiment- subject unaware of his situation to see if he would conform if all members of the group gave incorrect answers

37
Q

Ernst Weber

A

Weber’s Law
the bigger or more intense the standard stimulus, the larger the increment needed to get a noticeable difference

38
Q

Gustav Fechner

A

Fechner’s Law
magnitude of a sensory experience is proportional to the number of JND’s
that the stimulus causing the experiences above absolute threshold.

39
Q

H. Rorschach

A

(one of the) First projective test- Inkblot test

40
Q

Henry Murray

A

“Need to achieve varied in strength in different people and influenced their tendency to approach success and evaluate their own performances”
Devised TAT with Christiana D. Morgan

41
Q

David McClelland

A

Human Motivation Theory - Need for Power, Achievement, Affiliation
Developed scoring system for TAT’s use in assessing achievement motivation (not for TAT itself)

Psych (8 decks)

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