Brain and Nervous System

Question 1

Cerebral cortex

Answer 1

Outer most layer

Question 2

Lobes

Answer 2

Frontal
Temporal
Parietal
Occipital

Question 3

Frontal lobe

Answer 3

Higher executive functions- emotional regulation, planning, reasoning, problem solving, primary motor cortex (voluntary movement)

Question 4

Parietal Lobe

Answer 4

Behind frontal;
sensory information - touch, temperature, pressure, pain
two-point discrimination

Question 5

Temporal Lobe

Answer 5

Sides;
sensory information - hearing (primary auditory cortex), recognising language, forming memories, visual processing

Question 6

Occipital Lobe

Answer 6

Major visual processing center (primary visual cortex, V1)
receives visual information from eyes, relays to secondary visual cortexes which interpret depth, distance, location and identity

Question 7

Hippocampus

Answer 7

In temporal lobe;
memory, learning and emotions

Question 8

Basal Ganglia

Answer 8

Large knots of neurons; programming and executing motor functions

Question 9

Thalamus

Answer 9

Two lobes of grey matter right under cerebral cortex
prime processing center for sensory information
also controls sleep

Question 10

hypothalamus

Answer 10

under thalamus, size of an almond
major control center of autonomic motor system; some hormonal activity; connects hormonal and nervous systems
regulates blood pressure, body temperature, overall homeostasis

Question 11

Pineal Gland

Answer 11

between two lobes of thalamus
produces melatonin - regulates sleep-wake cycle; regulating hormonal functions

Question 12

Pons

Answer 12

coordinate signals between brain hemispheres and spinal cord.
Nerves:
abducens- eye movement; facial - movement & sensation in face, vestibulocochlear - processes sounds & maintain balance, trigeminal - chewing, sensory info from face to brain

Question 13

Cerebellum

Answer 13

grey matter surrounding white matter. Neurons- Purkinje cells; capable of processing many signals at once
coordinate sensation with responses from muscles (voluntary movement); with inner ear to maintain balance and posture.

Question 14

Medulla Oblongata

Answer 14

Control center for heart rate, blood pressure, breathing, involuntary reflexes (swallowing, sneezing)
Nerves:
glossopharyngeal - taste sensation and mouth movements, vagus - mouth movements, voice, and gag reflex, accessory - head and neck movements, hypoglossal - tongue movements, muscles involved in speech