Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

PSY348 - Clinical 2 > Psychological Therapies of Depression > Flashcards

Psychological Therapies of Depression Flashcards

1
Q

If there is a big difference between the therapies, there needs to be a ____ sample size (Active therapy vs a wait list control)

A

Small

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

If there is a small difference between the therapies, there needs to be a _____ sample size (Two active therapies)

A

Large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

ES =

A

Pre-therapy score minus post-therapy score divided by the pooled SD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the ES state?

A

The magnitude of the difference between conditions A and B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Is ES affected by sample size?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is reliable improvement?

A

Improvement that is reliably greater than measurement error or chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is clinically-significant improvement?

A

Measurement score moves from a clinical to a non-clinical population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Smith and Glass (1977)

A

Treatment > placebo > no treatment

ES for treatment vs no treatment studies = .80 - large effect size according to Cohen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Average treated patient is better off than ____ of people receiving no treatment

A

79%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Wampold (2015)

A

Psychological therapies are superior to medical interventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Robinson et al. (1990) - therapy vs no-treatment

A

ES = 0.73 (N = 37) significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Robinson et al. (1990) - therapy vs wait list

A

ES = 0.84 (N = 29) significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Robinson et al. (1990) - therapy vs placebo

A

ES = 0.28 (N = 9) not significant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Elkin et al. (1989) - method

A

250 patients randomised to one of 4 conditions

  • CBT
  • Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
  • Imipramine + clinical management
  • Control (Placebo and clinical management)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Elkin et al. (1989) - results

A

Imipramine does best for severe depression

IPT out-performs CBT

CBT out-performs control condition by only a small amount

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Shapiro et al. ( ) - method

A 
117 patients 
Diagnosis of depression 
Randomly assigned to 
- 8-session CBT 
- 8-session Psychodynamic interpersonal therapy (PIT)
- 16-session CBT 
- 15-session PIT
17
Q

Shapiro et al. ( ) - outcome measure

A

Beck Depression Inventory

18
Q

Shapiro et al. ( ) - results

A

CB and PI were equally effective, irrespective of depression severity or duration of treatment.

No overall advantage to 16-session treatment over 8-session

But patients with relatively severe depression improved substantially more after 16 than 8 sessions

19
Q

Stiles et al. (2008) - method

A

32 NHS primary care services

5613 patients

399 therapists

Routine NHS data

Not a trial, so no randomisation

20
Q

Stiles et al. (2008) - results

A

Reliable and clinically significant improvement of those who competed the treatment was 55-60%

No reliable change happened in 20%

21
Q

Cuijpers et al. (2008)

A

Meta-analysis of 53 outcome studies for depression

No difference between CBT and the other therapies

22
Q

Cuijpers et al. (2017)

A

40 years of research summary
Not much difference between different therapies
Data is not strong enough to recommend the superiority of one therapy over another for depression

23
Q

IAPT (Layard, 2006; Clark, 2011)

A

Stepped care model (low and high intensity treatments)

Rolled out in 2008

Primarily CBT

More recently Counselling for Depression

CBT and CfD annual recovery rates for depression are equivalent

24
Q

Norcross (2014)

A

Psychotherapeutic factors which affect outcomes

Individual therapist (7%) 
Treatment method (8%) 
Therapy relationship (12%) 
Patient contribution (30%) 
Unexplained variance (40%) 
Other factors (3%)

Treatment method accounts for very little, we don’t know a lot about what affects it (unexplained variance)

25
Q

Contextual model

A

The real relationship
Expectations
Specific ingredients

26
Q

Rogers (1951) - active components in the therapeutic relationship

A

Empathy
Congruence
Unconditional regard
Genuineness

(collectively termed the necessary and sufficient conditions for therapeutic change)

27
Q

Luborsky (1976) - types of alliance

A

Type 1 - early phases of therapy, based on the patient’s perception of the therapist as supportive

Type 2 - typical of later phases in therapy, represented by the collaborative relationship between patient and therapist to overcome the patient’s problems (a sharing of responsibility to achieve the goals of therapy and a sense of communion)

28
Q

Bordin’s model (Bordin, 1979)

A

Agreement on goals
Agreement on tasks
Bond

29
Q

Saxon and Barkham ( )

A

Above average therapist group is almost 2x as effective as below average group

Some therapists are 4x as effective as others

30
Q

Saxon et al. (2017)

A

More effective therapists’ patients continually improve

Average therapists’ patients improve and then plateau

Less effective therapists’ patients improve and then decline with sustained contact after around 9 sessions

PSY348 - Clinical 2 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions