Context of Psychological Treatments Flashcards
Why do we treat mental health problems?
Reduction of personal distress
Improved quality of life
Lower risk to the individual
Social benefits
Lower levels of stigma
Lower risk to other people
Economic costs and benefits
Chisholm et al. (2016)
Layard at al. (2007) output effects
Getting people back to work has a big impact on the economy
Layard et al. (2007) savings to the NHS
Reduced costs per person, including physical and mental health services
Reduced referrals to secondary sector, fewer inpatient admissions, fewer GP consultations and less medication
Estimated £300 over two-year period per person
Layard et al. (2007) savings to the exchequer
Increased employment (reduction in benefits and increased tax receipts) Savings to NHS costs
Economic costs of mental health problems
Cost around £102.5 billion per year in England through service provision, lost work and reduced quality of life
Costs over £2000 per person per year in England
How many people with a mental health disorder get help?
One in three
Layard and Clark (2014) healthcare costs for all problems
Around £100 billion/year
Layard and Clark (2014) people with mental health problems cost
£13 billion
Anxiety and depression = £3.75 billion
Children and adolescents with mental health problems = £0.75 billion (why is provision for young people a lot less?)
Of all health research funding, how much goes to mental health?
Only 5%
What was the IAPT initiative set up on the basis of?
The Layard & Clark (2014) economic cost benefits
Do the benefits outweigh the costs? (Layard & Clark, 2014)
Mean resource cost for a course of treatment = £750
Across all patients (whether they recovered or not)
Treating someone reduces their mean welfare costs by one month = £750
Employment level goes up by 18%
Absence from work goes down by 31 days/year
Economic output per person rises by £1100/month
Where present, costs of comorbid physical conditions go down by several thousand pounds
Layard and Clark (2015)
What is the argument for not treating patients with common mental health problems?
Might more psychological therapy cost nothing?
Five Year Forward View for Mental Health
NHS England (2016) Expand services to meet the needs of 1.5m people by 2021
Train a further 4500 additional psychological therapists
Add in Long term Physical Health Conditions (IAPT-LTC)
2018 IAPT treats how many people per year? And how many recover or show reliable improvement?
Over 560000 people per year
Around 50% of patients recover and 2/3 show reliable improvement
Where do psychological therapists work?
Hospitals Health centres CMHTs Primary care Social care provision Forensic settings Voluntary sector Education settings NHS/social services/charities
