Psychological Terms Flashcards
independent variable
The variable that researchers manipulate or control in an experimental study to explore its effects.
It’s called “independent” because it’s not influenced by any other variables in the study.
factor
independent variable in an experiment, especially those that include two or more independent variables
Factorial design
A research design that includes two or more factors.
Quasi-independent
Attributes cannot be manuablated in an experiment such as gender , age
Main effect
research refers to the impact of one independent variable on the dependent variable
Mean difference:
difference between the average values of two distinct groups in a clinical trial or research study.
If we’re comparing the effectiveness of a new drug (experimental group) to a placebo (control group) in reducing blood pressure, the mean difference would reveal the absolute difference in average blood pressure readings between these two groups
the mean difference helps researchers understand the impact of an intervention by directly comparing the means of relevant outcome measures
Between subject design
Different group of people given the same or different condition in an experiment, to test their difference
within-subject design
The same group of people receive different tests to see different outcomes
The general disadvantage of between-subject design
Individual differences can affect the result and make it harder to determine the true effect of the independent variable.
Differential design
study two or more different groups based on preexisting attributes and conditions, such as age and gender, without manipulating conditions and variables.
advantages of using qualitative research over quantitive
Qualitative research helps us to understand the topic from the perspective of the parents of these adolescents.
As researchers, we might not know what questions to ask on a survey if we really don’t know much about these parents.
Qualitative research
Qualitative research is a methodological approach that involves collecting and analyzing non-numerical data to understand concepts, opinions, or experiences.
It’s used to gain in-depth insights into a problem or to generate new ideas for research.
Quantitivity research
Quantitative research is a systematic approach that focuses on collecting and analyzing numerical data to uncover patterns, trends, and correlations.
It’s characterized by the use of statistical methods to quantify variables and often employs surveys, experiments, or observational studies to gather measurable data.
The process used to come up with themes in qualitative research by continually referring back to the text to see what the participants actually said?
iterative
The name of the committee that would have had to approve this study beforehand in order to protect the welfare of the participants?
The Institutional Review Board.
When I am asked how many factors a study has
i should translate into how many independent variables a study has
I should check the result section; whatever variable category is mentioned have affected the result, they are the factors
Notation: O
Observation
Notation: X
Treatments
Graphic notaion 3x4 design
Check saved picture
The advantage of case study
we can learn a lot about one individual.
The disadvantage of case study
The disadvantage is that the findings might not generalize to others.
Five type of research strategy:
- Descriptive
- Correclational
- Experimental
- Quasi-experimenta
- Non-experimental
Nomothetic approach
identify general laws. and principles that apply to groups and individual
Idiographic approach
study an individual in a unique context
advantage of the longitudinal study
We don’t have to worry about cohort effects. We can observe change over time.
attrition
participant withdrawal from a research study before it is completed
attrition threatens internal viaditality
what are types of threats of internal vaduirtality
History
Instrumentation
Order Effects
Maturation
Statistical regression
Attrition
what are types of statistic analysis
- Descriptive.
- Correlational
- Experimental
- quasi-experimental:
- Nonexperimental:
multiply regression
what are types of research design
Predictor variable
An independent variable, is the variable that is used to forecast or predict the outcome of another variable,
Criteria Variable
a dependent variable or a response variable. It is the outcome that researchers aim to predict or explain in a study. In statistical analysis, the criterion variable is the one being predicted or affected by the independent variables (or predictor variables).
Multiple regression analysis
Multiple regression analysis is a statistical technique that uses several explanatory variables (also known as independent variables) to predict the outcome of a response variable (dependent variable).
You would use multiple regression because we want to know how two variables are related to relationship adjustment at Time 2.
Cohort effect
single subject design
that can be used with only one participant (or subject) in the entire research study
