Psychological Problems Flashcards
1
Q
Schz symptoms
A
Her dog can not dance
Hallucinations
Delusions
Catatonic behaviour
Negative symptoms
Disorganised speech
2
Q
Biological theory schizophrenia dopamine
A
- too many d2 receptors
- more dopamine binding
3
Q
Biological theory brain dysfunction
A
- less blood flow in frontal lobe (responsible for problem solving)
- Reduced volume of hippocampus
- causing poor cognitive functioning & accessing / processing memories
4
Q
Limitations of biological theory
A
- ignored nurture - importance of upbringing
- Reductionist -focuses too much on brain abnormalities
5
Q
Social drift theory
A
- individuals with schizophrenia will naturally drift to the bottom of society
- ‘Label’ of schizophrenia could lead to
the condition worsening - due to the
associated stigma around mental illness - schzos may withdraw from society due to discrimination and symptoms
- leads to rejection from society- not following norms
- leads to further disengagement
- ultimately causing
further deterioration of mental health
6
Q
Limitations of social drift
A
- could be social class factors like poverty and stress that cause schizophrenia
-doesn’t explain cause and effect - just effect of diagnosis
7
Q
Symptoms of depression
A
- lack of motivation
- low self esteem
- low mood
- loss of appetite
8
Q
What type of theory is social rank
A
Evolution
9
Q
Social rank theory
A
- when we lose status we lose confidence in our abilities
- if we try to regain rank we may get hurt ( rejection from social group or physical harm )
- depression allows us to accept a subordinate role
10
Q
Limitations of social rank
A
- ignores nurture - other life factors i.e trauma
- reductionist - ignores complexity of depression
11
Q
Abc model
A
- depression is caused by an activating event that lead to irrational beliefs causing negative consequences
- ellis
- individuals prone to depression will perceive things more negatively
12
Q
Limitations of abc model
A
- ignores nature- role of chemical processes in the brain
- free will - puts responsibility/ blame on patient
13
Q
Daniel et al aim
A
See amphetamines effect on cognitive function of the brain while doing tasks
14
Q
Daniel experimental design
A
- sample- 10 schzos from same hospital
- double blind
- Lab experiment
- repeated measures
15
Q
Daniel experiment procedure
A
- given drug to stabilise symptoms
- given placebo or amphetamine
- completed bar test (control) and wccst
- whilst having a spect scan
16
Q
Daniel experiment findings
A
- No difference in BAR task (control)
- Small difference between amphetamine & placebo in the WCST as some areas of the prefrontal
cortex were active
17
Q
Daniel limitations
A
- sample too small - cant be generalised , cultural bias
- stabilisation drug could impact results
18
Q
Tabdoc study aim
A
If facebook use could predict depression
19
Q
Tandoc experimental design
A
- sample - over 800 students From us university
- questionnaire - online survey
20
Q
Tandoc procedure
A
COMPLETE QUESTIONNAIRE MEASURING 3 THINGS
- facebook usage and surveillance
- envy scale
- depression symptoms
21
Q
Tandoc findings and conclusions
A
- heavy facebook users = stronger feelings of envy
- size of fb fruends not related to envy
- fb envy was predictor for depression
-fb usage not directly linked to depression
22
Q
Tandoc limitations
A
- cultural bias - cannot be generalised
- self report participants could gave lied - social desireabolity
23
Q
Components/ stages of cbt
A
- 1Initial assessment
- 2 Goal setting
- 3 Identifying negative/irrational thoughts and challenging these (D - disrupting)
- 4 Homework (E - effect)
24
Q
Tandoc study conclusion
A
Use of FB not directly lead to
depression. But, FB envy can
lead to depression
25
what is facebook surveillance (tandoc)
Facebook surveillance involves looking
at friends’ status’ but not commenting or
posting own information.
26
tandoc limitations
- Sample culturally biased unrepresentative & can't be generalised
- Self-report: participants could have lied due to social desirability
27
requirements for "good" mental health
- high self-esteem
- autonomy
- self-actualisation
- accurate perception of reality
28
what did the mental health act 1959
Mental Health Act (1959) - aims to reduce
stigma & discrimination
29
neuropsychologyical tests created as an application of research
Wisconsin Card Sort test (WCST)- frontal lobe
function
Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) – severity of
depression
PET scan - shows blood flow in the brain
30
what does the wcst measure
frontal lobe function
31
what does the beck depression inventory measure
serverity of depression
32
what do pet scans show
blood flow in the brain
33
how do drugs help to treat depression
:anti-depressant drugs increase the
number of neurotransmitters in the brain (serotonin or noradrenaline). Excess serotonin helps the neurons communicate better, which helps people feel less depressed
34
how do drugs help to treat schizophrenia
anti-psychotic drugs act by blocking
some of the dopamine receptors. By reducing thelevel of dopamine, it reduces the effects of the
psychotic episode.
35
what is cbt
CBT – aims to change how the individual thinks &behaves
- to confront the negative irrational thoughts and how they impact on the individual.
Uses Ellis’ A-B-C model and adds
D= Disputing (questioning) the persons
irrational beliefs and E= Effect of
changing the interpretation of an event
36
