Psychological Perspective Of The Self

Question 1

______ as a science is concerned with how we develop our sense of self over the course of development.

Answer 1

Psychology

Question 2

The word psychology comes from the root words ______, or mind, and ______, or study.
It is the scientific study of behavior and mental processes.

Answer 2

psyche, logos

Question 3

______ ______, a British-American psychologist, defined that the mind is composed of _______ such subselves that are autonomous sets of psychological processes— dreams, desires, emotions, and memories.

Answer 3

David Lester, multiple

Question 4

___ ________ _____ is the integration of the subselves into one. However, Lester believed that integration is a task for the later part of life.

Answer 4

The unified self

Question 5

______ _______ ________ was an English pediatrician and psychoanalyst who suggested that the self is composed of:

Answer 5

Donald Woods Winnicott

Question 6

_________ has a sese of integrity, connected to wholeness that started from an early age.

Answer 6

True self

Question 7

used when a person has to comply with external rules such as being polite or otherwise following social codes.

Answer 7

False self

Question 8

_______ was a psychologist and philosopher who had a major influence on the development of psychology in the United states.

Answer 8

William James (1842-1910)

Question 9

The _____ is a construct which encompasses all aspects of the person both tangible and observable and even the internal and more private aspects of the self.

Answer 9

Self

Question 10

The Self as the Knower

“Pure Ego”

The processor of information or the thinker, which allows one to be aware of the environment and one’s existence within that environment

Answer 10

I-SELF

Question 11

The Self as Known
“Empirical Self”
Further divided into three constituents:
a. The Material Sel
b. The Social Self
c. The Spiritual Self

Answer 11

ME-SELF

Question 12

• one’s body, clothes, family, home and possessions and valued one’s own
• extension of ourselves

Answer 12

Material Self

Question 13

• how we think

other people think about us - our reputation in society

Answer 13

Social Self

Question 14

• psychological faculties and dispositions, thoughts, beliefs and feelings
• most enduring and intimate part of the self

Answer 14

Spiritual Self

Question 15

__________ was an American psychologist and one of the founders of the humanistic approach in psychology.

He defined the ___ as a flexible and changing perception of personal identity

Answer 15

Carl Rogers (1902-1987), self

Question 16

________ is how you perceive yourself in terms of behavior, abilities, and unique characteristics.

Answer 16

Self-concept

Question 17

_________ consists of all the ideas, including the awareness of ‘what I am’ and ‘what I can do’

Answer 17

Real self-concept

Question 18

_______ the person’s conception of what one should be or wanted to be that includes one’s goals and ambitions in life.

Answer 18

Ideal self-concept

Question 19

_________ was a Swiss psychiatrist whose research was deeply-rooted in psychoanalysis
He is best known for his research in personality, dream analysis and the human psyche.

Answer 19

Carl Gustav Jung

Question 20

The _______ (or mask) is the outward face we present to the world. It conceals our real self and Jung describes it as the _______

Answer 20

persona, “conformity” archetype

Question 21

________ it is how we present ourselves to the world. The word “persona” is derived from a Latin word that literally means “mask.” The persona represents all of the different social masks that we wear among various groups and situations. It acts to shield the ego from negative images.

Answer 21

The Persona

Question 22

______ it consists of sex and life instincts. It exists as part of the unconscious mind and is composed of repressed ideas, weaknesses, desires, instincts, and shortcomings. It forms out of our attempts to adapt to cultural norms and expectations.

Answer 22

The Shadow

Question 23

_________ is a feminine image in the male psyche, and it is a male image in the female psyche. It represented the “true self” rather than the image we present to others and serves as the primary source of communication with the collective
unconscious.

Answer 23

The Anima or Animus

Question 24

______-it represents the unified unconsciousness and consciousness of an individual. Creating it occurs through a process known as individuation, in which the various aspects of personality are integrated.

Answer 24

The Self

Question 25

He was an Austrian neurologist and founder of psychoanalysis.

• He is considered as one of the most influential and controversial thinkers in the 20th century.

• He suggested that human personality was made up of three components: id, ego and superego.

Answer 25

FREUD

Question 26

➤ present at birth

➤ operates under the _______ ______– -the drive to seek immediate satisfaction of their needs and desires

➤When gratification is delayed, as it is when infants have to wait to be fed, they begin to see themselves as separate. from the outside world

Answer 26

Id, pleasure principle

Question 27

➤ develops gradually during the first year or so of life and operates during the _________

➤its aim is to find realistic ways to gratify the id that are acceptable to the superego

Answer 27

Ego, reality principle

Question 28

➤develops at about age 5 oг 6

➤it includes the conscience and incorporates socially approved “should” and “should nots” into the child’s value system

➤highly demanding; if its standards are not met, a child may feel guilty or anxious

Answer 28

Superego

Question 29

• He identified specific _______ ______ or “pleasure areas” for each stage of development.

• A ______ occurs if needs are not met along the area.

Answer 29

erogenous zones, fixation

Question 30

_______ (birth to 1 year) the sex instinct centers on the mouth because infants derive pleasure from such oral activities as sucking, chewing, and biting. Feeding activities are particularly important.

Answer 30

Oral stage

Question 31

________ (1 to 3 years) voluntary urination and defecation become the primary methods of gratifying the sex instincts. Toilet- training produces major conflicts between children and parents. The emotional climate that parents create can have lasting effects.

Answer 31

Anal stage

Question 32

________ (3 to 6 years) pleasure is now derived from genital stimulation. Children develop an incestuous desire for the opposite-sex parent (called the ______ _____ for boys and _______ for girls). Anxiety stemming from this conflict causes children to internalize the sex-role characteristics and moral standards of their same-sex parental rival.

Answer 32

Phallic stage
Oedipus complex
Electra complex

Question 33

_________ (6 to 11 years) - traumas of the phallic stage cause sexual conflicts to be repressed and sexual urges to be rechanneled into schoolwork and vigorous play. The ego and superego continue to develop as the child gains more problem-solving abilities at school and internalizes societal values.

Answer 33

Latency stage

Question 34

_______ (age 12 onward) - puberty triggers a reawakening of sexual urges. Adolescents must now learn how to express these urges in socially acceptable ways. If development has been healthy, the mature sex instinct is satisfied by marriage and raising children.

Answer 34

Genital stage

Question 35

________ was a German-born American psychoanalyst who extended Freudian theory by emphasizing the influence of society on the developing personality.

• He was a pioneer in taking a _______.
In his psychosocial development, the socially and culturally influenced process of development of the ego, or self.

Answer 35

Erik Erikson
life-span perspective.

Question 36

Each ______ emerges at a distinct time dictated by biological maturation and the social demands that developing people experience at particular points in life

Answer 36

crisis