PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE

Question 1

Father of American Psychology; one of the first to propose a theory of the self-using psychological principles.

Answer 1

William James

Question 2

represents one’s reflection on himself/herself

Answer 2

Me Self (William James)

Question 3

a reflection of what people see in one’s action in the physical world.

Answer 3

I Self (William James)

Question 4

a Human Psychologist; proposed the personality theory known as the Person-Centered Theory.

Answer 4

Carl Rogers

Question 5

used to refer to how a person thinks about or perceives himself.

Answer 5

Self Image (Carl Rogers)

Question 6

your perspective about yourself.

Answer 6

Real Self (Self Image - Carl Rogers)

Question 7

what you aspire to be

Answer 7

Ideal Self (Self Image - Carl Rogers)

Question 8

founder of Psychoanalysis; postulated that there are three layers of self within us all (The Provinces of the Mind):

Answer 8

Sigmund Freud

Question 9

clinical method for treating psychopathology through dialogue with the patient

Answer 9

Psychoanalysis

Question 10

The Provinces of the Mind

Answer 10

1. The Id
2. The Ego
3. The Superego

Question 11

satisfaction/needs

Answer 11

Id

Question 12

The moderator of both the id and superego

Answer 12

Ego

Question 13

morality

Answer 13

The Superego

Question 14

3 components of the ME Self according to William James

Answer 14

Material Self, Social Self, Spiritual Self

Question 15

refers to who the person is in a particular social situation.

Answer 15

Social Self (William James)

Question 16

refers to the self that is more concrete or permanent when compared to the two other selves.

Answer 16

Spiritual Self (William James)

Question 17

consists of the things or objects that belong tot he person or entities that person belongs to.

Answer 17

Material Self (William James)

Question 18

represent the overall value that a person places upon himself

Answer 18

Global Self

Question 19

although affected by the presence of others, it has the ability to separate feelings and thoughts

Answer 19

Differential Self

Question 20

an American psychologist who proposed the personality theory knows as the Person-Centered Theory

Answer 20

Carl Rogers

Question 21

refers to how a person thinks about or perceives himself

Answer 21

self-concept

Question 22

two types of self-concept

Answer 22

real self-concept, ideal self-concept

Question 23

refers to all information and perception the person has about himself; answers the question, “who am I?”

Answer 23

real self-concept

Question 24

the model version the person has of himself; is what the person aims for himself to be; answers the question, “who do I want to be”

Answer 24

ideal self-concept

Question 25

stated that people use internalized standards to which they compare themselves.

Answer 25

Self-Discrepancy Theory (E. Tory Higgins 1987)

Question 26

provides directions for how the person should represent himself

Answer 26

self-guides

Question 27

may cause emotional discomfort to the individual and can be manifested as guilt or worst, as indifference.

Answer 27

self-discrepancy

Question 28

suggests that there exists in the individual different aspects of the self.

Answer 28

Multiple Selves Theory

Question 29

was an English pediatrician and psychoanalyst who studied child development.

Answer 29

D.W. Winnicot

Question 30

is one in which the self is seen as creative, spontaneously experiencing each day of their lives; appreciate being alive’ connected to the whole existence

Answer 30

true self

Question 31

may be manifested as a form of defense; lacks spontaneity, is dead and empty

Answer 31

false self

Question 32

is the proponent of the personality theory known as the The Social Cognitive Theory

Answer 32

Albert Bandura

Question 33

the person is seen as proactive and agentic which means that he has the capacity to exercise control over his life; people have the ability to influence their own behavior which may lead to desired outcomes

Answer 33

The Social Cognitive Theory

Question 34

he explained further how human beings are affected by the interaction among environmental events, behavior, and personal factors in this paradigm

Answer 34

Triadic Reciprocal Causation Paradigm

Question 35

four features of human agency in

Answer 35

Intentionality, Forethought, Self-reactiveness and Self-reflectiveness

Question 36

refers to the person’s anticipation of likely outcomes of his behavior.

Answer 36

Forethought

Question 37

refers to the process in which the person is motivated and regulates his behavior as he observes his progress in achieving his goals

Answer 37

Self-reactiveness

Question 38

refers to the actions performed by the person intentionally or with full awareness of his behavior

Answer 38

Intentionality

Question 39

refers to the person looking inward and evaluating his motivations, values, life goals and other people’s effect on him.

Answer 39

Self-reflectiveness

Question 40

the person engages in this behavior when he reactively attempts to minimize discrepancies between what he has already accomplished and what he still wants to achieve; allows the person to set goals that are better and higher than the former.

Answer 40

Self-Regulation