PHYSICAL SELF

Question 1

is the individual’s cognitive representation of the self which consists of the substance and the content of self-conceptions.

Answer 1

self-understanding

Question 2

refers to the concrete dimensions of the body, it is the tangible aspect of the person which can be directly observed and examined.

Answer 2

physical self

Question 3

are the defining traits or features of the person’s body

Answer 3

Physical characteristics

Question 4

believed in the importance of the body from early development

Answer 4

Erik Erikson

Question 5

puberty begins and children are now in the adolescent period on what age

Answer 5

10-12

Question 6

the most essential marker of the beginning of adolescence according to Santrock (2016)

Answer 6

puberty

Question 7

girls first menstrual flow

Answer 7

menarche

Question 8

first ejaculation or nocturnal emissions (wet dreams)

Answer 8

spermarche

Question 9

is the master endocrine gland that control growth and regulates functions of all other endocrine glands, including the gonads (ovaries for girls and testes for boys).

Answer 9

pituitary gland

Question 10

physical changes that distinguish boys from girls

Answer 10

secondary sexual changes

Question 11

changes in the reproductive organs that prepare both boys and girls for procreation

Answer 11

primary sexual changes

Question 12

refers to the way one sees himself/herself or he/she imagines how he/she looks.

Answer 12

Body image

Question 13

refers to an egocentric state where the individual imagines and believes that many people are actively listening or watching him or her.

Answer 13

imaginary audience

Question 14

a phenomenon which refers to the belief that others are paying more attention to the person’s appearance and behavior than they really are.

Answer 14

spotlight effect

Question 15

factors that affect perception of the physical self

Answer 15

personal factors, social factors

Question 16

the process by which one observes and examines one’s internal state after behaving in a certain way.

Answer 16

introspection and self-reflection

Question 17

explains that since one’s internal state is difficult to interpret, people can infer their inner states by observing their own behavior.

Answer 17

self-perception theory

Question 18

is a cognitive representation of self-knowledge which includes the sum of total beliefs that people have about themselves.

Answer 18

self-concept

Question 19

the concept a person has about himself that develops over the years.

Answer 19

personal identity

Question 20

5 social factors that affects the perception of the physical self

Answer 20

1. attachment process and social appraisal
2. maintaining the self in interpersonal relationships
3. looking glass self theory
4. social comparison
5. social identity theory

Question 21

is a process of comparing oneself with others in order to evaluate one’s own abilities and opinions

Answer 21

Social comparison

Question 22

2 types of social comparison

Answer 22

upward and downward

Question 23

happens when an individual compares himself to others who are better than him/her.

Answer 23

upward social comparison

Question 24

happens when an individual compares himself to someone who is in a worse situation than he is especially when he is feeling low

Answer 24

downward social comparison

Question 25

provides a framework about how people achieve understanding about themselves by being a member of their group.

Answer 25

social identity theory

Question 26

is defined as a social system that is characterized by the shared meanings that are attributed to people and events by its members.

Answer 26

Culture

Question 27

defined as a “tendency to interpret the world in terms of European or Anglo-American values and experiences”

Answer 27

Eurocentrism

Question 28

the prejudicial or preferential treatment of same-race people based solely on the color of their skin

Answer 28

colorism

Question 29

the overall evaluation that a person has of himself which can be positive, negative, and high or low; a measure of the person’s self-worth.

Answer 29

self-esteem