❌Psychological Influences On The Individual

Question 1

What is personality?

Answer 1

A unique psychological make-up.

This definition implies that each person in sport has their own personality profile.

Question 2

Why do coaches need to be aware of different personality types?

Answer 2

Need to know how different players will react in different situations

Question 3

What is the trait theory?

Answer 3

A theory which suggest that innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour.

Question 4

What are traits?

Answer 4

Innate characteristics that are stable, enduring and stay the same in different situations.

Question 5

What does the trait theory attempt to do?

Answer 5

Predict behaviour because if sports people are always going to behave in the same way, there is a god chance we can expect and predict that same behaviour most of the time.

Question 6

What’s an example of the trait theory?

Answer 6

An extrovert basketball player at also behave in an extrovert manner at training, while playing in team discussions. They might always display the extrovert characteristics.

Question 7

What’s an extrovert?

Answer 7

Extroverts have loud and bright personalities.

Question 8

What are the problems with trait theory?

Answer 8

It does not take into account personality changes. Personality and behaviour can change with the situation.
It doesn’t consider that ou personalities can be formed by experience.

Question 9

What is the social learning theory?

Answer 9

This theory suggests that behaviour is learned from significant others by socialisation.

Question 10

Who are significant others?

Answer 10

Role models
Friends
Parents

Question 11

How can personality traits be developed?

Answer 11

By associating with other people and picking up their behaviour, a process called socialisation.

Question 12

How are we more likely to learn and copy?

Answer 12

Learn reinforced behaviour that is seen as successful and powerful.
Copy behaviour that is consistently shown to us and if its witnessed live

Question 13

What is the interactionist perspective?

Answer 13

A theory which combines trait and social learning to predict behaviour in specific situation.
Suggests that we can predict personality and behaviour in a specific situation.

Question 14

What was Lewin’s approach to personality?

Answer 14

He suggested that an individuals personality is produced when both their natural predispositions and the experiences they have combine in a specific situation.

Question 15

What was Lewin’s equation?

Answer 15

B = f(PxE).

Question 16

What does Lewin’s equation mean?

Answer 16

Meaning behaviour is a function of an individuals personality traits and the environment.
A performer will adapt to the situation they find themselves in, even behaving differently to how they would normally.

Question 17

What’s an example of Lewin’s approach?

Answer 17

A generally introverted rhythmic gymnast is reserved ordinarily, but she has learned to adapt when performing and displays more assertive, extroverted characteristics during a competition to appeal to the judges.

Question 18

What is Hollanders approach?

Answer 18

Suggested that there are three aspects to an individual’s personality:
The core
Typical responses
Role-related behaviour.

Question 19

How did Hollander believe personality could be represented?

Answer 19

By three concentric rings, with the innermost ring (core) being the most difficult to penetrate.

Question 20

What is the core?

Answer 20

Its the real you and what your true beliefs and values are.
It does not change and represents the stable aspects of your personality.
Often this is kept hidden

Question 21

What are typical responses?

Answer 21

Describe how individuals usually respond

Question 22

What is role-related behaviour?

Answer 22

How an individual responds in a specific environment.
This may be uncharacteristic behaviour. It is the most unstable aspect of your personality and does not necessarily reflect the psychological core.

Question 23

How can a coach use the interactionist perspective to improve performance?

Answer 23

If a coach understands their players innate personalities and how they would ‘normally’ respond in specific situations, they can use this to their advantage.
For example understanding that a centre forward with an aggressive personality is likely to retaliate when fouled. The coach may therefore substitute them.

Question 24

How do we learn our behaviour?

Answer 24

Observe - Identify - reinforce - copy