❌Leadership Flashcards
What is a leader?
Someone who has influence in helping others to achieve their goals.
What are the characteristics of a leader?
Confidence Communication Organised Experience Empathy Charismatic Consistent Level headed Knowledge Flexibility Inspirational Interpersonal skills
What are the two types of leader?
Prescribed
Emergent
What is a prescribed leader?
Appointed from outside the group
What is an emergent leader?
Appointed from within the group
What are the styles of leadership?
Autocratic - task orientated
Democratic - person orientated
Laissez-faire
What is the autocratic approach?
Leader makes the decisions
What are the features of the autocratic approach?
Dictatorial
Only interested in ensuring the task is fulfilled
Get results and reach targets
Sole decision maker
Coach must stay present and maintain contact throughout the session, otherwise the group will not focus/work
When should the autocratic approach be used?
In dangerous situations With large groups If time is limited With hostile groups With cognitive performers Preferred by male performers
What is an example of the autocratic approach?
A basketball coach calls a time out towards the end of the match and instructs the players to run a specific set play in the remaining seconds as he has decided it is the most effective strategy.
What is the democratic approach?
Decisions are made by group consultation
What are the features of the democratic approach?
Interested in ensuring relationships are developed within the group
Group members are involved in making decisions
Person centred
More sympathetic/tend to use the quality of empathy.
Group continues to work when coach isn’t present
When should the democratic approach be used?
With small groups If lots of time is available With friendly groups With advanced performers Preferred by female performers
What is an example of the democratic approach?
A doubles tennis coach spends time with the players discussing which strategies are best to use in their upcoming fixture. They take on board their suggestions before making a final decisions.
What is the laissez-faire approach?
The leader does very little and leaves it to the group
What are the features of the laissez-faire approach?
Leader is more of a figurehead than an active leader; they take a hands-off approach
Group members make all of the decisions
Relaxed
When should the laissez-faire approach be used?
If a problem-solving approach is required
Only effective with advanced performers, who are motivated.
What is an example of the laissez-faire approach?
A football manager allows the team to decide which skills/drills to work on during their training sessions.
What are the theories of leadership?
Fiedler’s contingency model
Chelladurai’s multi-dimensional model
What is Fiedler’s model?
He suggested an interactionist approach, in which an effective leader will match their style with the SITUATION facing them
One of two styles should be adopted:
Task-orientated
Person-orientated
When should task-orientated be used? (Fiedler’s model)
Best used in two opposite situations:
When everything is good and when everything is bad.
When should person-orientated be used? (Fiedler’s model)
In moderately favourable situations
What is a most favourable situation?
Strong leadership Good harmony Clear task Leader has respect High ability and motivation Support for athletes
What is a moderately favourable situation?
Some harmony Some clarity Some motivation Need for consolation Reasonable ability Limited support
What is a least favourable situation?
Weak leadership Group hostility Unclear task Low ability Little respect for leader Low motivation No support
What is Chelladuri’s model?
He suggested that in order to ensure group satisfaction and high levels of performance, leader must be able to adapt their leadership style.
The leader gets the best from their team if the leadership style ‘fits’ with what the situation and team need.
What three factors should leaders consider before adopting a specific leadership style? (Chelladurai’s model)
Situation
Leader
Group
What is meant by the situation?
The task
The strength of the opponents or if there is any danger involved
What is meant by the leader?
Their ability, personality and preferred leadership style
What is meant by the group?
Ability levels and relationships between members and with the leader.
What can affect the situation?
Danger (high = autocratic) Time (more = democratic) Facility/resources (limited = autocratic) Type of sport (individual = democratic) Size of group The opposition Conditions Task difficulty
What can affect the leader?
Leader characteristics (e.g. empathy = democratic)
Experience (high = autocratic)
Preference (depends on the leader and what they are used to)
Communication
Personality
What can affect the group?
Size (large = autocratic) Gender (female = democratic) Age (young = autocratic) Ability (high = democratic) Personality NAF/NACH
What else can affect the leadership style?
Required behaviour
Actual behaviour
Preferred behaviour
What is required behaviour?
A result of an assessment of what the situation demands
E.g - something dangerous would require autocratic
What is actual behaviour?
What the leader decides to do in relation to leadership style (usually try to match situational and group demands)
What is preferred behaviour?
What the groups wants or prefers.
E.g - a group of novice players may want instruction on new tactics and strategies.
What’s an example of Chelladurai’s model?
An activity leader about to take a group of year 6 students climbing.
This situation demands an instructive and autocratic approach because of potential danger. The group want to be instructed since they have little knowledge of the activity.
If the leader then uses the style that matches the requirements of the situation and the needs of the group, then the quality and satisfaction from the performance will be high.
