Psychological Health Flashcards
What steps is the Mental Health Comission of Canada taking to improve MH in youth?
- hearing from youth and their families
- creating guidelines for working with youth
- Providing education for MH and suicide
What are the leading causes for illness and disability in adolescents?
Depression, anxiety and behavioural disorders
What is the fourth leading cause of death in 15-19 year olds?
Suicide
What are the benefits of Early Intervention?
- it treats MH the same as physical health
- reduces stigma around MH
- MH clients are not lifetime; they diagnose, treat, build skills and help them to move on with their lives
- has positive outcomes and is cost effective
T/F: Everyone has an anxiety disorder.
False; everyone experiences anxiety but not all has the disorder.
When does anxiety become a disorder?
Anxiety becomes a disorder when it begins to interfere with life
What mental illness is most prevalent in child and youth?
Anxiety
What guide do MH providers use to diagnose mental illnesses?
DSM-V or DSM-5; Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition
What does the DSM-V contain?
- Definitions of mental health and brain-related disorders
- Categorizes mental illnesses into groups
What is the Fight Flight or Freeze response? Where (in the brain) is this controlled?
The Fight Flight or Freeze response is produced by the Amygdala (an area in the brain), and may cause us to overreact to unharmful situations.
What is an important step in learning to manage anxiety?
Understanding why we feel or have anxiety is an important step in learning to manage it
What are the common signs that you may have anxiety?
- Excessive worrying
- Irrational fears
- choking feeling
- sweating
- fidgeting
- depression
- Tachycardia
- pressure in the chest
- SOB (Dyspnea)
What are the causes of anxiety disorders?
- Life experiences (family history, stressful/traumatic events)
- Biological (alcohol, medications and substance misuse that alter your biological systems)
- Psycholgical factors (psychiatric issues)
What is anxiety disorder, according to DSM-5?
It is a disorder that:
- persists in children without treatment
- is diagnosed if one experiences it for six months or more
- occurs in females more often than males (2:1 ratio)
What are types of Anxiety Disorders?
G, double P, triple S, A, yes!
G - GAD (generalized anxiety) persistent worry
P - Phobia; fears about specific situations
P - Panic disorder; recurrent panic attacks AND fear of more panic attacks
S - Social anxiety; fear of social situations
S - Separation anxiety; fear of separation from an object
S - Selective mutism; failure to speak in certain social situations BUT can speak in others
A - agoraphobia; fear of being outside in public spaces or in enclosed spaces
How and by whom are anxiety disorders assessed?
Anxiety disorders are assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale by GPs in Psychiatry
How is anxiety treated, medically?
- Relaxation, mediation and stress management techniques
- CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy)
- Medications
According to the DSM-V, how long after experiencing symptoms is someone diagnosed with clinical depression?
at least two weeks of recurring symptoms
How is depression assessed?
Potential scales like Beck Depression Scale
How is depression treated, medically?
- Psychiatry consult if medication trials (antidepressants) are unsuccessful
- CBT
- Behavioural activation (targets behaviours that feed into depression)
What are the three aspects that CBT focuses on?
Cognitive (thoughts) affect what we feel and do
Emotions (feelings) affect what we think and do
Behaviour (actions affects how we think and feel)
How does the CBT thought record work?
It helps clients to write their thoughts in a structured manner in order to work through and identify thinking patterns.
What disorder uses a self-reported symptoms for assessments?
Borderline personality disorder (BPD)
What is DBT; what disorder is it useful in treating?
Dialectical Behaviour Therapy - helps clients with BPD change their ways of thinking and behaving.
What are the two key differences between bipolar disorder and BPD?
Bipolar lasts longer (months); BPD (mins)
Bipolar has episodes that lead to changes in sleep, energy, speech and thinking.
BPD is caused by interpersonal conflicts
What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?
Bipolar I: one lifetime episode of mania
Bipolar II: at least one lifetime episode of major depression and at least one of hypomania
T/F: Self harm is a disorder where one intends to harm themselves with intent to die
False; intentional self harm WITHOUT intent to die
What is the “goal to have zero deaths by suicide” called?
Zero Suicide Initiative
What is psychosis?
Trouble distinguishing what is real with what is not; loss of touch with reality
T/F: An exact cause for psychosis is always known
False
What are some of the known causes of psychosis?
Genetics
Substance use
Lack of sleep
Organic causes (brain injury, thyroid conditions)
What factors increase your risk for psychosis?
Urban life
immigration
genes
substance use
delayed developments
history of abuse
Which gender is more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis?
Males
T/F: Psychosis is a symptom of an illness not a cause or a disorder
True
What is the initial phase of psychosis?
Prodromal phase - paranoia, seeing shadows, hearing names, noticing a change in the way things look or sound
What does prognosis of psychosis depend on?
It depends on the early interventions
What is a severe risk with chronic prognosis?
Neurodegeneration; you can visibly see holes in the brain from a scan
What does treatment of psychosis include?
Medication (long acting injections so they less visits)
Education on illnesses
Of course: family support, counselling and personal support
What is the primary care model of the Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI)?
Shared Care Model
Is it enough for treatment to be early, according to the Ministry of Health and Long term care 2011?
No, treatment must be early AND EFFECTIVE
Who does EPI partner with? Why?
CASON; to support youth with addiction and remove barriers to accessing addiction support
According to the Ontario Human Rights Commission, what is referred to as “capacity”?
Capacity is the ability of an individual to make decisions for self.
Who provides treatment for someone when they do not have “capacity”?
The Community Treatment Orders
