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Psychological Health Flashcards

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1
Q

What steps is the Mental Health Comission of Canada taking to improve MH in youth?

A
  • hearing from youth and their families
  • creating guidelines for working with youth
  • Providing education for MH and suicide
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2
Q

What are the leading causes for illness and disability in adolescents?

A

Depression, anxiety and behavioural disorders

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3
Q

What is the fourth leading cause of death in 15-19 year olds?

A

Suicide

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4
Q

What are the benefits of Early Intervention?

A
  • it treats MH the same as physical health
  • reduces stigma around MH
  • MH clients are not lifetime; they diagnose, treat, build skills and help them to move on with their lives
  • has positive outcomes and is cost effective
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5
Q

T/F: Everyone has an anxiety disorder.

A

False; everyone experiences anxiety but not all has the disorder.

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6
Q

When does anxiety become a disorder?

A

Anxiety becomes a disorder when it begins to interfere with life

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7
Q

What mental illness is most prevalent in child and youth?

A

Anxiety

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8
Q

What guide do MH providers use to diagnose mental illnesses?

A

DSM-V or DSM-5; Diagnostics and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition

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9
Q

What does the DSM-V contain?

A
  • Definitions of mental health and brain-related disorders
  • Categorizes mental illnesses into groups
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10
Q

What is the Fight Flight or Freeze response? Where (in the brain) is this controlled?

A

The Fight Flight or Freeze response is produced by the Amygdala (an area in the brain), and may cause us to overreact to unharmful situations.

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11
Q

What is an important step in learning to manage anxiety?

A

Understanding why we feel or have anxiety is an important step in learning to manage it

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12
Q

What are the common signs that you may have anxiety?

A
  • Excessive worrying
  • Irrational fears
  • choking feeling
  • sweating
  • fidgeting
  • depression
  • Tachycardia
  • pressure in the chest
  • SOB (Dyspnea)
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13
Q

What are the causes of anxiety disorders?

A
  • Life experiences (family history, stressful/traumatic events)
  • Biological (alcohol, medications and substance misuse that alter your biological systems)
  • Psycholgical factors (psychiatric issues)
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14
Q

What is anxiety disorder, according to DSM-5?

A

It is a disorder that:
- persists in children without treatment
- is diagnosed if one experiences it for six months or more
- occurs in females more often than males (2:1 ratio)

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15
Q

What are types of Anxiety Disorders?

A

G, double P, triple S, A, yes!
G - GAD (generalized anxiety) persistent worry
P - Phobia; fears about specific situations
P - Panic disorder; recurrent panic attacks AND fear of more panic attacks
S - Social anxiety; fear of social situations
S - Separation anxiety; fear of separation from an object
S - Selective mutism; failure to speak in certain social situations BUT can speak in others
A - agoraphobia; fear of being outside in public spaces or in enclosed spaces

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16
Q

How and by whom are anxiety disorders assessed?

A

Anxiety disorders are assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Scale by GPs in Psychiatry

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17
Q

How is anxiety treated, medically?

A
  • Relaxation, mediation and stress management techniques
  • CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy)
  • Medications
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18
Q

According to the DSM-V, how long after experiencing symptoms is someone diagnosed with clinical depression?

A

at least two weeks of recurring symptoms

19
Q

How is depression assessed?

A

Potential scales like Beck Depression Scale

20
Q

How is depression treated, medically?

A
  • Psychiatry consult if medication trials (antidepressants) are unsuccessful
  • CBT
  • Behavioural activation (targets behaviours that feed into depression)
21
Q

What are the three aspects that CBT focuses on?

A

Cognitive (thoughts) affect what we feel and do
Emotions (feelings) affect what we think and do
Behaviour (actions affects how we think and feel)

22
Q

How does the CBT thought record work?

A

It helps clients to write their thoughts in a structured manner in order to work through and identify thinking patterns.

23
Q

What disorder uses a self-reported symptoms for assessments?

A

Borderline personality disorder (BPD)

24
Q

What is DBT; what disorder is it useful in treating?

A

Dialectical Behaviour Therapy - helps clients with BPD change their ways of thinking and behaving.

25
Q

What are the two key differences between bipolar disorder and BPD?

A

Bipolar lasts longer (months); BPD (mins)
Bipolar has episodes that lead to changes in sleep, energy, speech and thinking.
BPD is caused by interpersonal conflicts

26
Q

What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?

A

Bipolar I: one lifetime episode of mania
Bipolar II: at least one lifetime episode of major depression and at least one of hypomania

27
Q

T/F: Self harm is a disorder where one intends to harm themselves with intent to die

A

False; intentional self harm WITHOUT intent to die

28
Q

What is the “goal to have zero deaths by suicide” called?

A

Zero Suicide Initiative

29
Q

What is psychosis?

A

Trouble distinguishing what is real with what is not; loss of touch with reality

30
Q

T/F: An exact cause for psychosis is always known

A

False

31
Q

What are some of the known causes of psychosis?

A

Genetics
Substance use
Lack of sleep
Organic causes (brain injury, thyroid conditions)

32
Q

What factors increase your risk for psychosis?

A

Urban life
immigration
genes
substance use
delayed developments
history of abuse

33
Q

Which gender is more likely to be diagnosed with psychosis?

A

Males

34
Q

T/F: Psychosis is a symptom of an illness not a cause or a disorder

A

True

35
Q

What is the initial phase of psychosis?

A

Prodromal phase - paranoia, seeing shadows, hearing names, noticing a change in the way things look or sound

36
Q

What does prognosis of psychosis depend on?

A

It depends on the early interventions

37
Q

What is a severe risk with chronic prognosis?

A

Neurodegeneration; you can visibly see holes in the brain from a scan

38
Q

What does treatment of psychosis include?

A

Medication (long acting injections so they less visits)
Education on illnesses
Of course: family support, counselling and personal support

39
Q

What is the primary care model of the Early Psychosis Intervention (EPI)?

A

Shared Care Model

40
Q

Is it enough for treatment to be early, according to the Ministry of Health and Long term care 2011?

A

No, treatment must be early AND EFFECTIVE

41
Q

Who does EPI partner with? Why?

A

CASON; to support youth with addiction and remove barriers to accessing addiction support

42
Q

According to the Ontario Human Rights Commission, what is referred to as “capacity”?

A

Capacity is the ability of an individual to make decisions for self.

43
Q

Who provides treatment for someone when they do not have “capacity”?

A

The Community Treatment Orders

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