psychological explanations: psychodynamic

Question 1

blackburn 1993

Answer 1

-argues if superego (moral part of personality) is difficult then criminality is inevitable as the ID (pleasure principle) isnt properly controlled + werre going to give into r urges + impulses

Question 2

ways super ego goes wrong

weak superego

Answer 2

-may develop if the smae sex parent is absent during the phallic stage of psycho sexual development.
-this would mean that we would fail to internalize the moral values of the same sex parent

Question 3

ways super ego goes wrong

deviant super ego

Answer 3

-may develop if child internalizes the morals of a criminal or deviant same sex parent
-eg- dad=criminal - son=criminal

Question 4

ways super ego goes wrong

overharsh superego

Answer 4

-may develop if the same sex parent is overly harsh.
-this means an indivual is crippled by guilt+ anxiety and it commits crime in order to satisfy the superegos need for punishment

Question 5

Bowlby: maternal deprivation hypothesis

Question 6

deprivation

Answer 6

had attachment the disrupted + lost it

Question 7

previation

Answer 7

never had attachment
-eg romanian orphanages

Question 8

consequnces of MD

Answer 8

-mental abnormalities
-delinquency
-depression
-affectionless psychopathology
-dwarfism

Question 9

Bowlby (1946)
44 thieves

Answer 9

-44 thieves + 44 non thieves
-interviews w/ them + mothers
-14/44 thieves were affectionless psychopaths
-researcher bias: he did all the research, demand characterstics
-4% of control group seperation from mum, whereas 86% of affectionless psychopaths do

Question 10

AO3 weakness

sexist

Answer 10

-freud criticsed as sexist as focuses on oedius complex + added electra complex as an after thought
-no woman has ever mentioned having penis envy
-argued females were less moral than males. this is becuase males fear castration by their dads for moral transgression, whereas females only fear losing mums love
-however, vast majorityies of criminals are male

Question 11

AO3

lack of evidence

Answer 11

-many kids grew up w/out a same sex parent + vast majority dont turn to crime
-indivuals w/ deliquent parents r more likely to turn to crime
-the idea of over harsh superego+ wanting punishment doesnt stand up to scrunity; most criminals go to great lengths not to be caught + punished

Question 12

freud- oedipus complex

Answer 12

a desire for sexual involvement with the parent of the opposite sex and a concomitant sense of rivalry with the parent of the same sex; a crucial stage in the normal developmental process.

Question 13

freud- electra complex

Answer 13

-female version of the Oedipus complex.
-girl, aged between 3 + 6, becoming subconsciously sexually attached to her dad + increasingly hostile to her mum.
-Carl Jung developed the theory in 1913.