psychological explanations: cognitive Flashcards
kolhberg (1968)
-link between morality + criminality
-2 cognitive disortions; hostile bias + minimilastion
level of moral reasoning
-process by which an indivual draws upon their own value system to determine wether an action is right/ wrong
cognitive dissortions
-faulty, biased + irrational ways of thinking that mean we percieve ourselves, other ppl + world inaddequately + usually negatively
hostile attribution bias
a type of cognitive bias where indivuals tend to interpret the behaviour of others in various situations as threatening, aggressive or both
hostile attribution bias
schonenberg jusyte (2014)
-presented 55 violentv offenders w/ images of ambigous facial expressions + control group
-significantly more interpreted images as hostile than controls
hostile attribution bias
dodge + frame (1982)
-study w/aggressive kids-‘ambiguous provocation’ interepreted it as hostile
-suggested it starts in childhood
minimilastion
-refers to type of cognitive bias where a person (offender) is more likely to minimise or play down the severity of the circumstances (offence) they are in
minimilastion
bandura (1973)
-euphemestic lable for behaviour EG; ‘doing a job’ ‘supporting family’-burgulars
-sex offenders most minimalizing
minimilastion
howard barbarce (1991)
-26 rapists (in prison);
-54% denied any wrong doing,
-40% minimised the harm to victim
gibbs (1979)
-alternative theory
-mature (self control)+ immature reasoning (w/empathy)
AO3 strength
application to therapy
-helps w/ cbt as offenders are taught to face to their crimes
-understanding what they have done w/out minimilastion it helps w repeated offenders
-key feature of anger management
AO3 weakness
descriptive not explanatory
-kholberg succesful in desribing the criminal mind but not explained why the crime was committed
