psychological expl Flashcards
family dysfunction
schizophrenogenic mother
-fromm-reichmann(1948) noticed alot of her sz patients would refer to a cold,rejecting,controlling parent, who created alot of tension+secrecy
-treatment from this person would cause distrust, which would lead to paranoid delusions= lead to sz
family dysfuntcion
double blind theory
-gregory bateson et al(1972) suggested communication style w/in a family may lead to sz
-child may be scare of doing the ‘wrong thing’ w/out being told what the ‘wrong thing’ is
-this leads to withdrawal of love as a punishment
-the child will grow up w miss conceptions about the world, leading to disordered thinking+paranoid delusions
-like backhanded complements
-eg ‘well done for passing that test…u acc did well for once’
family dysfuntcion
expressed emotions
-the way a carer expresses emotion towards someone may also lead to symptoms
-includes: verbal criticism, hostility +emotional overinvolvement
-high levels of expressed emotion can be a source of stress, which is linked to relapse of symptoms in ppl w the disorder
-this source of stress may also become a trigger for ppl who r already biologically vulnerable (eg diathesis stress model)
family dysfunction AO3
research support
-evidence linking FD to SZ
-indicators of FD include insecure attachment+exposure to childhood trauma, especially abuse.
-review by john read et al(2005) adults w sz r disproportionately likely to have insecure attachement, mainly type C or D
-read also reported 69% of women+59% men w sz have history of phsyical and/or sexual abuse
-morvked et al (2017) study found most adults w sz reported at least one childhood trauma, mostly abuse
FD AO3
explanatiosn lack support
-info about childhood exp has been gathered after dev of symps
-so sz may have disorted the patients recall of childhood exp which raises problem of validity
-sz mum+double blind r based on clinical obseravtion of ppl w sz+informal assesment of their mums personaliities but not systematic evidence
-another problem is this has historically led to parent blaming=ethical+moral issues
-parents have gone thru truama of watching kid develop sz n bear lifelong responsibilitty for their care+blame is added for the condition which insults further
FD ao3 limitation
cause+effect unclear
-having a sz in family can be stressful+problematic on families rather than dsyfunctions causing sz= someone w it leads to fd
CP: but its supported by fact therpies which succesfully focus on reducing expressed emotions w in family have low relapse rates compared to other therpies=valid
-BUT arguably this merely masks symptoms/teaches family members to tolerate them rather then effective solution
DBT AO3
research support
-berger (1965) higher recall of DB statements by mums when compared to non-sz supporting this expl.
-but might not be relaible as ppts recall may be affected by sz=undermine findings
-NON research support: liem (1974) measure patterns of parental communication w/in families+no diff between families of a sz child+normal families
-support: hall+levin (1980) analysed data from pre vious studies finding no diff in families w sz sufferer+those w/out when it came to verbal+non communications
cognitive expl
dysfunctional thinking
-firth et al 1992 identified 2 kinds of DT:
* metacognition:
* central control:
-reduced thought processing in ventral striatum is associated w negative symps+reduced thought processing of info in temporal+cingulate gyri=hallucinations(simon et al 2015)
DT
metacognition
firths 1st: the process of thinking about one’s own thinking and learning involving ability to detect errors eg cognitive disortions. sz suffer dysfunction in this so havde DT which affect executive functioning + ^-level cognitive processes that manage cognitive + behaviroual processes
=impairs goal-directed behaviour, attention, memory, cognitive flexibility, self-monitoring, inhibition of inappropriate responses + physical motor-control of oneself.
dyfunctional thinking
central control
firths 2nd: ability to suppress automatic responses while we perfom deliberate actions instead. the inability to supress automatic thoughts+speech causes disorganised speech+thought disorder. they exp derailment of thoughts/speech bc each word triggeres associations the ppt is unable to supress
DT AO3
research support
-stirling (2006) compared 30 patients w sz w 18 controls on range of cognitive tasks one of which incl stroop test
-this tests their ability to suppress words as patients name colors of words rather than reading words which are named colours
-lines w firths expl of CC dysfunction, ppts w sz took over 2X as long as CG to name ink colours
dt a03
a proximal explanation
-
-althought link is clear it doesnt tell us anything about origins of abnormal conditions
-arguably dt r merely symp of biology causes such as genetics rather than cause in itself=undermines expl
-could be that both biological+psychological factors seperatly produce same symps which questions validity+wether both=outcomes of sz
-also diasthesis stress model so already vulnerable n have psychological factors such as family dysfunction or irrational cognitive thoughts to trigger the disorder.
AO3 family dysfunctions
