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General Psychology > Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Psychological Disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Different from the norm;unusual; statistically atypical

A

abnormal

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2
Q

When is abnormal behavior a psychological disorder

A

when the behavior causes significant stress

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3
Q

What is normal distress

A

when the distress is an expected response to an event

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4
Q

Impairs one’s ability to get along in life

A

dysfunction

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5
Q

How to classify psychological disorders

A
  1. syndromes
  2. Diagnostic and statistic manual
    3 Group disorders by category
  3. Checklist of observable symptoms for diagnoses
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6
Q

What do mental health professionals use diagnostic labels for?

A
  1. Efficiently communicate about their cases
  2. Bring to mind the “likely” underlying causes
  3. Discern effective treatment programs
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7
Q

What is the defining feature of anxiety disorders?

A

exaggeration of threat

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8
Q

What do anxiety disorders result in?

A

distressing, persistent anxiety

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9
Q

What can anxiety disorders lead to?

A

Maladaptive, anxiety-reducing behaviors

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10
Q

What is the defining feature of a generalized anxiety disorder?

A

Continually tense and uneasy-even in the absence of any specific anxiety-provoking stimulus

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11
Q

What is the defining feature of panic disorder?

A

intense fear, frightening physiological symptoms

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12
Q

Intense fear of a particular animal, object, or situation

A

phobias

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13
Q

What are the defining features of OCD?

A

Obsessions and compulsions

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14
Q

Recurrent and persistent distress-causing thoughts

A

obsessions

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15
Q

Repetitive behaviors driven by the obsessions

A

compulsions

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16
Q

What are the five common types of obsessions?

A
  1. Contamination
  2. Repeated doubts
  3. Need for symmetry, orderliness
  4. Aggressive impulses
  5. Sexual imagery
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17
Q

What are the five common types of compulsions?

A
  1. Cleaning,washing
  2. checking
  3. Arranging; lining up objects
  4. Counting, repeating words, constant praying
  5. Hoarding
18
Q

What are the Defining features of PTSD?

A

exposed to a traumatic event and reacted with intense fear, helplessness, or horror
re-experiences trauma

19
Q

How do people re-experience trauma?

A
  1. distressing recollections/dreams
  2. feeling of reliving trauma
  3. intense distress/ physiological arousal when exposed to reminders
20
Q

Anxiety arises from unpredictable and/or uncontrollable negative events
Stimulus generalization
reinforcement

A

Fear conditioning

21
Q

Fears may be transmitted by others, either vicariously or via information or misinformation

A

observational learning

22
Q

Exaggerations or distortions of normal mood states

A

mood disorders

23
Q

Tendency to feel helpless in the face of events we cannot control

A

Learned helplessness

24
Q

How is a bipolar disorder characterized?

A

manic episode; depression and mania

25
Q

What are the symptoms or a manic episode?

A

A period of abnormally and persistently elevated, expansive, or irritable moods

26
Q

View of mental illness in which odd behavior; hearing voices, or talking to oneself was attributed to evil spirits infesting the body

A

demonic model

27
Q

View of mental illness as due to a physical disorder requiring medical treatment

A

medical model

28
Q

institution for people with mental illnesses created in the 15th century

A

asylum

29
Q

percentage of people within population who have a specific mental disorder

A

prevalence

30
Q

dimension of functioning

A

axis

31
Q

co-occurence of two or more diagnoses within the same person

A

comorbidity

32
Q

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in kind rather than degree

A

categorical model

33
Q

model in which a mental disorder differs from normal functioning in degree rather than kind

A

dimensional model

34
Q

legal defense proposing that people should not be held legally responsible for their actions if they weren’t of “sound mind” when committing them

A

insanity defense

35
Q

Procedure of placing some people with mental illnesses in a psychiatric hospital or other facility based on their potential danger to themselves or others, or their inability to care for themselves

A

involuntary commitment

36
Q

condition marked by physical symptoms that suggest an underlying medical illness, but they are actually psychological in origin

A

somatoform disorder

37
Q

An individual’s continual preoccupation with the notion that he has a serious physical disease

A

hypochondriasis

38
Q

continual feelings of worry, anxiety, physical tension, and irritability across many areas of life functioning

A

generalized anxiety disorder

39
Q

fear of being in a place or situation from which escape is difficult or embarrassing, or in which help in the event of a panic attack

A

agoraphobia

40
Q

state un which a person experiences a
lingering depressed mood or diminished interest in pleasurable activities, along with symptoms that include weight loss and sleep difficulties

A

major depressive episode

General Psychology (3 decks)

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