Motivation

Question 1

What is the modern definition for motivation?

Answer 1

Psychological needs or desires that energize or direct behavior

Question 2

Genes predispose species-typical behavior

Answer 2

Evolutionary perspective on motivated behavior

Question 3

Does naming a behavior explain it?

Answer 3

No

Question 4

What is human behavior affected by?

Answer 4

Psychological wants

Question 5

A physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates organisms to seek need satisfaction

Answer 5

Drive-Reduction Theory on motivated behavior

Question 6

What is the physiological aim of drive-reduction theory?

Answer 6

Homeostasis

Question 7

A tendency to maintain a balanced/constant internal state

Answer 7

Homeostasis

Question 8

To______ _________, certain substances and characteristics of the body must be kept within a _______ ________

Answer 8

sustain life. restricted range

Question 9

Motivated behavior extends beyond the physiological aim of drive reduction

Answer 9

Incentive theory on motivated behavior

Question 10

What is an excellent piece of evidence for incentive theory

Answer 10

curiosity

Question 11

People are motivated by internal goals

Answer 11

Intrinsic motivation of incentive theories

Question 12

People are motivated by external goals

Answer 12

Extrinsic motivation of incentive theories

Question 13

Emphasizes the prioritizing of diverse needs; basic needs before higher-level needs

Answer 13

Maslow’s “Hierarchy of needs” model on motivated behavior

Question 14

Where are the fundamental basic needs on the Maslow hierarchy

Answer 14

the bottom

Question 15

There’s a need for frequent, affectively pleasant interactions with a few other people

Answer 15

Frequent interaction

Question 16

These interactions must take place in the context of a temporally stable and enduring framework of affective concern for each other’s welfare

Answer 16

Persistent caring

Question 17

What is high belongingness strongly associated with?

Answer 17

Positive affect and improved health

Question 18

What is a sense of failed belongingness a major contributor to?

Answer 18

Loneliness, stress, and anxiety; depression and suicide

Question 19

Our attempts to predict our future affect (emotional state)

Answer 19

affective forecasting

Question 20

Belief that both good and bad moods will last longer than they do

Answer 20

durability bias

Question 21

What are the three problems with affective forecasting?

Answer 21

1. We leave out details
2. We fill in gaps in our picture of the future with details that we borrow from the present
3. We fail to recognize that things will look different once they happen

Question 22

discipline that has sought to emphasize human strengths

Answer 22

positive psychology

Question 23

strategy of anticipating failure and compensating for this expectation by mentally over-preparing for negative outcomes

Answer 23

defensive pessimism

Question 24

Theory proposing that happiness predisposes us to think more openly

Answer 24

broaden and build theory

Question 25

tendency for people to remember more positive than negative information with age

Answer 25

positivity affect

Question 26

tendency for our moods to adapt to external circumstances

Answer 26

hedonic treadmill

Question 27

evaluation of our worth

Answer 27

self-esteem

Question 28

inverted U-shaped relation between arousal on the one hand and performance on the other

Answer 28

Yerkes-Dodson law

Question 29

Model, developed by Abraham Maslow, proposing that we must satisfy physiological needs and needs for safety and security before progressing to more complex needs

Answer 29

hierarchy of needs