Psychological disorders Flashcards
Name three anxiety disorders.
1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder
2. Panic Disorder
3. Phobias (Agoraphobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia)
Neurotic disorders (neuroses) include…
Anxiety disorders and Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders
Psychotic disorders (psychoses) include…
- Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
- Depressive Disorders
- Bipolar and Related Disorders
What disorder causes personal distress and some impairment in functioning, but no loss of contact with reality or violation of important social norms.
neuroses
What severe psychological disorder, sometimes requiring hospitalization, causing one to lose contact with reality (e.g. delusions and/or hallucinations) and having a seriously impaired ability to function in everyday life.
psychoses
disorders characterized by anxiety and avoidance behavio
anxiety disorder
disorder in which people experience chronic (long-term) and excessive anxiety or worry that they find difficult to control.
generalized anxiety disorder
Physiological symptoms of generalized anxiety
palpitations, sweating, flushing, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness, nausea, muscle tension
Psychological symptoms of generalized anxiety
free-floating anxiety, persistent nervousness and worry, restlessness, fatigues, insomnia, irritability, difficulty concentrating
Causes of generalized anxiety
genetic factors
What are the two treatments for generalized anxiety
Behavior Modification Therapy and cognitive Therapy,
What is a panic disorder?
experiencing recurrent unpredictable panic attacks: an acute (short-term) and sudden overwhelming anxiety, fear or terror.
Physiological symptoms of panic disorder
heart palpitations
chest pain
feeling of chocking
trembling
sweating
dizziness
Psychological symptoms of panic disorder
terror
fear of dying
feeling of “going crazy”
fear of losing control
What are the causes of panic disorder
- Genetic factors
* Neurochemical abnormality: adrenergic receptors
* Pet scans: increased blood flow to limbic system of brain. - High stress (e.g., significant losses or threatening events)
Misinterpretation of bodily sensations
What are the treatments of panic disorder
Medication, Behavior Modification Therapy / Cognitive Therapy
Intense and unrealistic fears of some specific object or situation
Phobia
What are the symptoms of phobia?
Physiological: heightened SNS, to the point of shaking or screaming.
Psychological: compelling desire to avoid or escape the object or situation and recognition that the fear is unrealistic.
What are the three types of phobias?
- Agoraphobia: fear of public places
2. Social anxiety disorder: fear of presence of others - Specific phobia: fear a specific object or situation
What are the causes of phobias?
- Through learning:
classical conditioning
operant conditioning (negative reinforcement)
observational learning or modelling
* Hereditary: 3x more at risk if a relative suffers from phobia.
What are the treatments for phobias?
Medication
* Behavior Modification Therapy / Cognitive Therapy
What is systematic desensitization
training in deep muscle relaxation, and developing an anxiety hierarchy of the feared stimulus (confrontation of real or imagined graduated series of anxiety-producing situations).
What is flooding?
exposure to the feared stimulus until anxiety decreases.
