Psychological disorders

Question 1

Name three anxiety disorders.

Answer 1

​1. Generalized Anxiety Disorder 
​​2. Panic Disorder
​​3. Phobias (Agoraphobia, Social Anxiety Disorder, Specific Phobia)

Question 2

Neurotic disorders (neuroses) include…

Answer 2

Anxiety disorders and Obsessive-compulsive and related disorders

Question 3

Psychotic disorders (psychoses) include…

Answer 3

1. Schizophrenia Spectrum and other Psychotic Disorders
2. Depressive Disorders
3. Bipolar and Related Disorders

Question 4

What disorder causes personal distress and some impairment in functioning, but no loss of contact with reality or violation of important social norms.

Answer 4

neuroses

Question 5

What severe psychological disorder, sometimes requiring hospitalization, causing one to lose contact with reality (e.g. delusions and/or hallucinations) and having a seriously impaired ability to function in everyday life. 

Answer 5

psychoses

Question 6

disorders characterized by anxiety and avoidance behavio

Answer 6

anxiety disorder

Question 7

disorder in which people experience chronic (long-term) and excessive anxiety or worry that they find difficult to control. 

Answer 7

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 8

Physiological symptoms of generalized anxiety

Answer 8

palpitations, sweating, ​flushing, diarrhea, headaches, ​​​​​dizziness, nausea, ​muscle tension

Question 9

Psychological symptoms of generalized anxiety

Answer 9

free-floating anxiety, persistent nervousness and worry, restlessness, fatigues, insomnia, irritability, difficulty concentrating

Question 10

Causes of generalized anxiety

Answer 10

genetic factors

Question 11

What are the two treatments for generalized anxiety

Answer 11

Behavior Modification Therapy and cognitive Therapy,

Question 12

What is a panic disorder?

Answer 12

experiencing recurrent unpredictable panic attacks: an acute (short-term) and sudden overwhelming anxiety, fear or terror. 

Question 13

Physiological symptoms of panic disorder

Answer 13

heart palpitations
​​​​ chest pain
​​​​​feeling of chocking
​​​​​trembling
​​​​ sweating
​​​​​ dizziness

Question 14

Psychological symptoms of panic disorder

Answer 14

terror
​​​​​fear of dying
​​​​​feeling of “going crazy” 
​​​​fear of losing control

Question 15

What are the causes of panic disorder

Answer 15

• Genetic factors
  ​* Neurochemical abnormality: adrenergic receptors
  ​* Pet scans: increased blood flow to limbic system of brain.
• High stress (e.g., significant losses or threatening events)
  Misinterpretation of bodily sensations

Question 16

What are the treatments of panic disorder

Answer 16

 Medication, Behavior Modification Therapy / Cognitive Therapy

Question 17

Intense and unrealistic fears of some specific object or situation

Answer 17

Phobia

Question 18

What are the symptoms of phobia?

Answer 18

Physiological: heightened SNS, to the point of shaking or screaming.
Psychological: compelling desire to avoid or escape the object or situation and recognition that the fear is unrealistic.

Question 19

What are the three types of phobias?

Answer 19

1. Agoraphobia: fear of public places
   ​2. Social anxiety disorder: fear of presence of others
2. Specific phobia: fear a specific object or situation

Question 20

What are the causes of phobias?

Answer 20

• Through learning:
  ​​classical conditioning
  ​​operant conditioning (negative reinforcement)
  ​​observational learning or modelling
  * Hereditary: 3x more at risk if a relative suffers from phobia.

Question 21

What are the treatments for phobias?

Answer 21

Medication
​* Behavior Modification Therapy / Cognitive Therapy

Question 22

What is systematic desensitization

Answer 22

training in deep muscle relaxation, and developing an anxiety hierarchy of the feared stimulus (confrontation of real or imagined graduated series of anxiety-producing situations).

Question 23

What is flooding?

Answer 23

exposure to the feared stimulus until ​anxiety decreases.