Psychological Disorders

Question 1

What is mood disorder?

Answer 1

A mood disorder is a mental health condition that primarily affects your emotional state. It is a disorder in which you experience long periods of extreme happiness, extreme sadness or both.
Certain mood disorders involve other persistent emotions, such as anger and irritability.
This is a discrete period of time in which the person’s behavior is dominated by either a
depressed or manic mood. They are defined in terms of episodes.

Question 2

What is depression?

Answer 2

Depression is a mood disorder that causes a persistent feeling of sadness and loss of interest.
Also called major depressive disorder or clinical depression, it affects how you feel, think and
behave and can lead to a variety of emotional and physical problems.
Depression is a low, sad state in which life seems bleak and its challenges seem overwhelming.

Question 3

What is mania?

Answer 3

Mania is the opposite of depression
Mania is a condition in which you have a period of abnormally elevated, extreme changes in
your mood or emotions, energy level or activity level. This highly energized level of physical
and mental activity and behavior must be a change from your usual self and be noticeable by
others
Mania- the person believes that he/she is on top of the world and it theirs for the taking.

Question 4

TYPES OF MOOD DISORDER

Answer 4

Bipolar Mood Disorders
Unipolar Mood Disorder
Seasonal affective Disorder.

Question 5

Bipolar Mood Disorders

Answer 5

Bipolar disorder (formerly called manic-depressive illness or manic depression) is a
mental illness that causes unusual shifts in a person's mood, energy, activity levels, and
concentration. These shifts can make it difficult to carry out day-to-day tasks.
It’s a form of mood disorder in which the person experiences episodes of mania as well as
episodes of depression
 Bipolar disorder is a mental health condition. It involves cycles of extreme low and high
mood.
 The periods of low mood are referred to as ‘depressive episodes.
 The periods of high mood are referred to as ‘manic’ or ‘hypomanic’ episodes.
(Hypomania is less severe than mania.)
 The exact cause of bipolar disorder is unknown. Contributing factors may include
genetics, brain chemicals, environmental factors, physical illnesses and stress.
 Treatment can include medication, psychological therapies and community support
programs.

Question 6

Unipolar Mood Disorder

Answer 6

Unipolar depression is another name for major depressive disorder. The term unipolar
means that this form of depression does not cycle through other mental states, such as
mania.
During unipolar depression, the individual experiences episodes of depression but has no
history of mania. Clinical Depression.

Question 7

Seasonal affective Disorder.

Answer 7

Seasonal affective disorder, or SAD, is type of depression. It happens during certain
seasons of the year—most often fall or winter.
It is thought that shorter days and less daylight may trigger a chemical change in the brain
leading to symptoms of depression. Light therapy and antidepressants can help treat
SAD.
Certain people become depressive during a particular season of the year e.g. Christmas.

Question 8

what is Schizophrenia?

Answer 8

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by disruptions in thought
processes, perceptions, emotional responsiveness, and social interactions.
It’s a split between the intellectual and emotional aspect of one’s personality.

Question 9

Types of Schizophrenia

Answer 9

Paranoid Schizophrenia
Disorganized Schizophrenia
Catatonic Schizophrenia

Question 10

Treatment for schizophrenia

Answer 10

Typical and Atypical Drugs

Question 11

What is a phobia?

Answer 11

extreme persistent fear of something that interferes with normal living.

Question 12

Types of phobias

Answer 12

Specific phobia – irrational fear of an object e.g. dog, needles, planes, height, elevator.
- Social phobia – irrational fear of public situation.

• Agoraphobia – The fear of entering unfamiliar situations, especially open or public
  space; the most common phobic disorder.
• Panic disorder – Fear of being in open spaces, or outside the home alone, or in a crowd.
  The symptoms of this disorder include rapid breathing, increased heart rate, chest pain,
  sweating, tense muscles, and dizziness.
• Treatment plan for specific phobia involves structured and consistent exposure-based
  exercises and relaxation techniques.
• Treatment plan for social phobia – Cognitive-behavioral treatment includes rehearsal or role-play of feared social situations in a group setting, and tricyclic antidepressants to reduce social anxiety.