Memory Flashcards
What is memory?
the ability to take in knowledge, store it and later recall it
Primacy effect
is the tendency to remember well the first items on a given list
Recency effect
is the tendency to remember the final items in a given list
Memory is divided into 3 stages that include
- Encoding- this refers to creating a memory. The moment we first insert that memory in our minds.
- Storing- this refers to story memories in our mind.
- Retrieval- this is recalling memories
Key terms
Recall is producing a fact, word or other items from memory.
Free recall is to recall something to produce a response. E.g. on a test or on an essay
Cued recall is receiving significant specific hints about the material. E.g. who is the president of Russia — Putin
Recognition is when you choose the correct item amongst several options. E.g. multiple choice
Saving or Relearning is when you are asked to relearn something. If it takes you less time to relearn that material, then some memory has persisted.
Implicit memory
is when you are asked to generate words without thinking that the words are a part of your memory. E.g. fill in the blank questions. Implicit memory is a type of long-term memory related to the impact that activities and experiences can have on your behavior.
Explicit memory
is information that you consciously work on to remember. E.g. studying a subject.
Types of memory
· Sensory memory- this is memory that holds or stores information for only an instant and not much longer than the brief time for which one is exposed.
· Short-term or working memory- this is the limit capacity memory system in which information is retained for as long as 30 seconds unless the information is rehearsed, in which case it can be retained longer. This is also called maintenance rehearsal.
· Long-term memory- the storing of information for very long periods, even indefinitely. There are several types of long-term memory which include:
