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PSYC1102 > Psychological disorders > Flashcards

Psychological disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Define personality

A

patterns of characteristics that can’t be eradicated easily and are expressed automatically

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2
Q

What are the 5 big personality traits?

A

1- extraversion (talkative)
2- agreeableness (trusting)
3- conscientiousness (organised)
4- emotional stability (tempered)
5- openness to experience (imaginative)

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3
Q

Clusters of personality disorder

A

a - weird (paranoid, schizotypal)
b - wild (emotional, antisocial, narcissistic)
c - worried

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4
Q

Define personality disorders

A

enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour that deviates from expectations of the individuals culture

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5
Q

How does personality disorder occur?

A

manifestation through cognition and affectivity

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6
Q

Define dimensional classification

A

extreme normal personality

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7
Q

Define categorical classification

A

personality disorder similar to physical diseases (differ from normal behaviour)

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8
Q

What are biomedical therapies

A
  • altering brain functioning to alleviate psychological distress
  • remedies involve drugs altering brain chemistry
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9
Q

What is electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

shock to the brain used for severe depression

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10
Q

What psychological theories?

A

Idea that people acquire behaviour and emotional tendencies

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11
Q

Define psychoanalysis

A

explores connection between events experienced in childhood at key stages of development and subsequent problems in adulthood

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12
Q

Define humanistic therapies

A
  • sees humans as innately capable of growth and self determination
  • disorders occur when growth is blocked by lack of self-awareness
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13
Q

Define behavioural therapy

A

behaviour learned and therefore can be unlearned

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14
Q

Define counterconditioning

A

fear of dog - phobias decrease after gradual exposure

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15
Q

Define schizophrenia

A
  • psychosis characterised by gross distortions of reality
  • distinct disorder rather then extreme personality
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16
Q

Symptoms of schizophrenia

A
  • disturbance in thought, perception, attention, emotion, life
    POS = delusions, hallucinations, disorganised speech
    NEG = lack of emotion, monotoned voice, no expression of emotion
17
Q

Define depression

A

sig lowered mood and loss of interest /pleasure in activities that are normally enjoyable

18
Q

Define DSM criteria

A

depressed mood, diminished interest/pleasure, weight loss/change, insomnia, psychomotor retardation, fatigue, worthlessness, no concentration, thoughts of death

19
Q

Remedies for depression

A

understanding life issues that give rise to distress (manifestation is the problem)

20
Q

Cognitive theory for depression

A

occurs because of world view - learned way of thinking - individuals have to monitor and modify thought processes

21
Q

What are negative schemas?

A

an implicit set of assumptions and beliefs

22
Q

What are treatments for depression

A

cognitive behavioural therapy and medications

23
Q

What is psychodynamics?

A

emphasises systematic study of psychological forces underlying human behaviour, feelings and emotions and how they might relate to early experiences

24
Q

What is Humanistic?

A

occurs when growth blocked by distorted perceptions, lack of awareness or negative sense of self

25
Q

What in the humanistic triangle

A

1- self-actualisation (achieving full potential)
2- esteem needs (feeling of accomplishment)
3- belongings needs (friends/family)
4- safety needs (security/safety)
5 physiological needs (food/water)

26
Q

What is behavioural?

A

maladaptive behaviours are learned and can be unlearned
- classical conditioning, operant conditioning, ABCD model

27
Q

Examples of behavioural disorders

A
  • social anxiety
  • panic disorder
  • obsessive compulsive disorder
  • post traumatic stress disorder
28
Q

What is classical conditioning?

A

associating stimulus with response (scary dog = fear so dog = fear)

29
Q

What is operant conditioning?

A

rewards and punishment modifying behaviour

30
Q

What is the Ellis ABCD model?

A

a - activating event
b - belief
c - consequences
d - distrupution

31
Q

What is 3rd wave cognitive behaviour therapies

A

accepting thought and changing behaviour
- mindfullness
- acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)
- dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT)

32
Q

What is mindfullness?

A
  • what you intend to do and how you intend to do it
  • observe notice watch, labelling and accepting
33
Q

What is acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)

A
  • connecting with the moment
  • identifying values
  • committing through actions
  • self as context
  • acceptance
34
Q

What is dialectical behaviour therapy?

A
  • core mindfulness
  • distress tolerance
  • emotion regulation
  • interpersonal effectiveness
  • brain altering, targeting neurotransmitters

PSYC1102 (5 decks)

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