Intelligence Flashcards
Define Intelligence
ability to acquire knowledge, to think and reason effectively and to deal adaptively with the environment
Who is Sir Francis Galton?
Hereditary genius, influenced Darwin theory of evolution, first to post relationships between biological variables and intelligence, believed skull sizes reflected brain volume and intelligence
- Assumed intelligence inherited, manifests as a person evolutionary fitness
Who is Alfred Binet?
- Measured differences in children mental skills
- Assumed mental abilities develop with age, rate which people gain mental competency characteristic of the person and constant overtime
- Eugenics - idea that children with lower IQ were genetically inferior
Whats Sterns Intelligence Quotient IQ?
Ratio of mental age to chronological age multiplied by 100, mental age works well for children but not adults
Whats WAIS?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
includes non-verbal items, profile scores, psychometric testing
Whats is WISC?
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
1- Perceptual reasoning
2- Verbal comprehension
3- Working memory
4- Processing speed
What is WPPSI?
Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence
Whats perceptual reasoning (WISC)?
which answer fits in the missing space to complete the pattern
Whats verbal comprehension (WISC)?
- Vocabulary = examinee is asked to define a provided work
- Similarities = asking how two words/concepts are alike
- Information = general knowledge questions
What is working memory (WISC)?
- backward digit pan = repeat a sequence of number in reverse order
- Arithmetic = mental mathematic problems
What is processing speed (WISC)?
- symbol search = decide if a target symbol appears in a search group
- coding = comparison of complex symbols
What is psychometrics
the statistical study of psychological tests, tries to identify and measure the abilities that underlie difference in performance
G-factors
Spearman, general intelligence that constitutes the core of intelligence
Crystallised intelligence
Cattell and Horn, the ability to apply previously acquired knowledge to current problems, long term memory as strong contribution
Fluid Intelligence
Cattle and Horn, the ability to deal with a novel problem-solving situation for which personal experience does not provide a solution, dependent on working memory
Whats Carroll’s Three Stratum Model
mental abilities are represented with
1- general intelligence - g factor underlying most mental activity
2- broad = eight broad intellectual factors
3- narrow = 70 highly specific cognitive abilities
Whats Sternberg Triarchic theory of intelligence?
address both psychological processes involved in intelligent behaviour and the diverse forms that intelligence can take
1- metacomponents = order processes
2- performance components = mental processes (tasks)
3- knowledge acquisition = allows us to learn from experiences
Whats the types of intelligence?
a - analytical = academically orientated problem solving
b - practical = skills needed to cape with everyday demands
c - creative = adaptability to novel problems
Whats the theory of multiple intelligences
1- linguistic (use language well)
2- logical-mathematical (reason logically)
3 - Visuo-Spatial (solve spatial problems)
4 - Musical (perceive pitch/rhythm)
5 - Bodily-kinaesthetic (control body movements)
6 - interpersonal (understand others)
7 - intrapersonal (understand oneself)
8 - Naturalistic (detect natural world)
9 - Existential (philosophically orientated)
Abilities of personal intelligence
1- process and reason
2- incorporate information gained
3- use personally relevant knowledge
4 - set goals
Components of emotional intelligence
1- perceive emotions
2- using emotions to facilitate thought
3- understanding emotion
4- managing emotions
Three key measurement concepts?
1- reliability (consistency of measurements overtime)
2 - validity (successful measurement of construct and acceptable relations)
3 - standardisation (development of norms and standard testing conditions)
Whats the Flynn effect?
notable rise in intelligence test scores over the past century, due to better living conditions, more schooling and more complex environments
What is static testing?
test instructions and procedures designed to create a well controlled or standardised environment for administering the intelligence test tat no other controlled factors will influence scores
