Personality Flashcards
Define personality
distinctive and relatively enduring ways of thinking, feeling and acting that characterises a persons response to life situations
How do behaviours attribute to personality
1- components of identity (what distinguishes people)
2- perceived internal cause (behaviours caused by internal factors)
3- perceived organisation and structure (behaviours organised by inner personality)
Whats Sigmund Freuds Theory?
unconscious parts of the mind exert great influence on behaviour
What Psychoanalysis?
theory of personality, approach to studying the mind, method for treating psychological disorders
Techniques = hypnosis, free association, dream analysis
Whats psychic energy and mental events
1- psych energy (mind pressing for either direct or indirect release)
2- conscious mind (mental events in current awareness)
3- preconscious mind (memories, feeling, thoughts unaware in moment but easily recalled)
4- unconscious mind (wishes, feelings and impulses that lie beyond our awareness)
Structure of personality
continuous conflict between impulses of the id and counterforces of the ego and superego
1- ID it = inner personality, exists within unconscious mind
2- ego executive of personality = direct contact with reality and functions at conscious level
3- Superego = traditional values and ideals of family and society
Defence mechanisms
- repression
- denial
- displacement
- intellectualisation
- projection
- rationalisation
- reaction-formation
- sublimation
Psychosexual stages
ID’s pleasure seeking tendencies are focused on specific pleasure-sensitive areas of the body the erogenous zones
What are the Psychosexual stages
1- oral = satisfaction from food/sucking
2 - anal = using toilet
3 - phallic = pleasure from sex organs
4 - latency = dormant and remerges in adolescence
5 - genetial = erotic impulses by sexual relationships
Whats Erik Eriksons theory
believed personality development continues throughout lifespan
Whats Carl Jungs theory
humans posses personal unconscious based on life experience and a collective unconscious consisting of memories accumulated throughout the entire history of the human race
Whats Alfred Adler theory?
human are inherently social beings who are motivated by social interest, believed for striving for superiority
Whats object relation theroists
focus on mental representations that people form of themselves and others as a result of early experiences with caregivers
Whats phenomenology
emphasis on primacy of immediate experiences and focuses on the present instead of past
What are humanistic theories
emphasise the subjective experiences of the individual and deal with perception and cognitive processes
What is George Kelly’s Personal Construct Theory?
addresses manner in which people differ in their constitutions of reality by personal constructs they use to categorise their experiences
1- personal constructs (good, bad)
2- role construct repertory tests (assess to personal construct)
3- fixed role therapy (behaviour scripts)
Whats Rodgers theory of self?
experiences that are incongruous with the established self-concept produce threat and may result in denial or distortion of reality
1- self actualisation
2- self = set of perceptions/beliefs
3- positive regard = acceptance/ sympathy
4- fully functioning person
5- research on the self = effects of self-esteem/ enhancement
6- evaluating the phenomenological-humanistic approach
Whats the lexical approach?
propose traits on the basis of words or concepts from everyday discourse, or from concepts in existing personality theories
Whos Gordon Allport?
discovered 17963 words in Websters dictionary describing someone
a- evaluative judgments = excellent, worthy
b- temporal states = afraid, elated
c- personality traits = sociable, agressive
d- other = tall, clever
Whats factor analysis?
used to identify clusters of behaviours that are correlated with one another but not with behaviours in other clusters
Whats the five factor model
1- conscientiousness/lack of direction = organised, precise, hardworking, prudent
2- neuroticism/ emotional stability = considerate, warm, sentimental
3- openness to experience/ closed to experience = complex, creative
4- extraversion/introversion = sociable, assertive
5- honesty-humility
What Eysenck extraversion ability model
normal personality can be understood in terms of two basic dimensions intersecting at right angles, and secondary traits that reflect varying combination of the two primary dimensions, introversion/extraversion and stability/instability
What is reciprocal determinism?
the person, the persons behaviour and environment all influence one another in a pattern of two way causal links
Whos Julian Rotter
Expectancy, reinforcement and locus of control
1- expectancy = likelihood of consequences of behaviour
2- reinforcement values = how much we desire or dread an outcome expected behaviour
