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Z MD1 neurology > psychological development > Flashcards

psychological development Flashcards

1
Q

What was Erikson’s epigenetic theory of development

A
  • step by step growth
  • critical time periods
  • importance of psychosocial “crisis” as a driving force
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2
Q

what are the 8 stages of Erikson’s epigenetic theory

A 
infancy
toddler
play age
school age-middle childhood
adolescence 
young adult
middle adulthood
old age
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3
Q

what is the developmental task for infancy and toddler stages in Erikson’s theory

A

infancy - trust vs mistrust

toddler - autonomy vs shame, doubt

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4
Q

what is the developmental task for play age and school-age stages in Erikson’s theory

A
  • play age - initiative vs guilt

- school age-middle childhood - industry vs inferiority

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5
Q

what is the development task for adolescence and young adult stages in Erikson’s theory

A

adolescence - indentity vs identity confusion

young adult - intimacy vs isolation

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6
Q

what is the development task for middle adulthood and old age stages in Erikson’s theory

A

middle adulthood - generativity vs stagnation

old age - ego integrity vs despair

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7
Q

what is the definition of a developmental task

A

one which arises at or about a certain period in the life of an individual, successful achievement of which leads to happiness and to success with later tasks, while failure leads to unhappiness in the individual… and difficult with later tasks

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8
Q

what is a developmental trajectory

A

the continuation of a direction, the sum of the forces that propel us towards a destination

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9
Q

what is a developmental turning point

A

a disruption to a trajectory that has the long-term impact of altering the probability of life destinations

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10
Q

what is the transactional model for development

A

states that development takes place through transacting factors
- genetic
- constitutional
- biological
- psychological
- environmental
and these multiple factors operate together dynamically and bi-directionally

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11
Q

what is multifinality and equifinality

A

multifinality - one risk factor can be associated with a number of different outcomes
equifinality - multiple possible pathways to the same outcome

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12
Q

what is temperament

A

the automatic associative responses to basic emotional stimuli that determine habits and skills

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13
Q

what are the four dimensions of temperament

A
  • harm avoidance
  • reward dependence
  • novelty seeking
  • persistence
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14
Q

what is resilience

A

dynamic process encompassing positive adaptation within the context of significant adversity

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15
Q

what are the two ways older people have resilience

A

assimilation (adjusting the environment to fit with changes)

accomodation (adjusting self and attitudes)

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16
Q

What is involved in Piaget’s sensorimotor stage of cognitive development

A

learning about the world through sensory exploration

17
Q

what is involved in Piaget’s preoperational stage of cognitive impairment

A

representing the world through language, symbols, internal representation of the world

18
Q

what is involved in Piaget’s concrete operational stage of cognitive development

A

logical reasoning about concrete events/ideas/stimuli

19
Q

what is involved in Piaget’s formal operational stage of cognitive development

A

abstract and hypothetic reasoning

20
Q

when dealing with infants or toddlers regarding healthcare, bear in mind that…

A
  • they will struggle with logical explanations
  • they focus on the here and now
  • they have a limited understanding of illness
  • early experiences influence subsequent coping
  • nonverbal communication is important
21
Q

what do we have to remember about the cognitive behaviour of preschoolers

A
  • thinking is relatively literal and egocentric
  • take the literal interpretation of things
  • will struggle with analogies
  • they like to have choices
  • illness understood as contagion
  • magical thinking is common
22
Q

what are the 3 classes of Havinghurst’s tasks of development

A

physical maturation
personal values
the pressures of society

23
Q

what is “emerging adulthodd”

A

a new developmental stage between adolescene and adulthood with distinct characteristics which is culturally constructed (18-25)

24
Q

what are the five things that make up a personality according to the five-factor model of personality

A
  • neuroticism
  • openness to new experiences
  • agreeableness
  • conscientiousness
  • extraversion
25
Q

ageing affects which 3 major domains

A
  • physical
  • intellectual/cognitive
  • view of self/personality
26
Q

5 components of wisdom

A 
rich factual knowledge
rich procedural knowledge
lifespan contextualism
relativity
knowledge about uncertainty
27
Q

what are the 3 models of ageing

A
  • lifespan maturation
  • selective optimisation and compensation
  • successful ageing

Z MD1 neurology (17 decks)

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