psychological approaches regarding development (4)

Question 1

what is the humanist approach

Answer 1

people strive to become the best they can be

theorists:
- Carl Rogers (1902-1987)
- Abraham Maslow (1908-1970)

Question 2

what does Carl Rogers say

Answer 2

openness, acceptance and empathy = necessary for growth

Question 3

what does Abraham Maslow say

Answer 3

• hierarchy of needs
• primary physical needs must be met before psychological needs can be pursued
• goal of self-actualization is achieved when one is able to reach fullest potential possible: the “authentic self”

Question 4

what is the ethological approach

Answer 4

behaviour is:
- strongly influenced by biology
- subject to critical or sensitive periods

theorists include:
- Konrad Lorenz
- Charles Darwin
- Jane Goodall
- John Bowlby

Question 5

what did Konrad Lorenz do

Answer 5

geese remove mom and replace by himself
(this is called imprinting)

Question 6

what did Charles Darwin do

Answer 6

evolution and natural selection

Question 7

what did Jane Goodall say

Answer 7

monkeys.
humans and primates are more similar than dissimilar

Question 8

what is the bio-ecological approach (aka Bronfenbrenner’s environmental system theory)

Answer 8

Urie Bronfenbrenner (1917-2005) said that development is affected by the interaction of 5 environmental systems

Question 9

what are the 5 environmental systems

Answer 9

1) microsystem (family, peers, school, neighbourhood)
2) mesosystem (relations between microsystems)
3) exosystem (external networks: medical, place of work)
4) macrosystem (culture)
5) chronosystem (time and place)

Question 10

what is the eclectic approach

Answer 10

• lifespan development cannot be explained by one single theory
• important to recognize the role context played in the development of theories
• select information taken from different theories to best explain growth and development at particular life stages