Psychodynamic Therapies Flashcards
5 Types of Psychodynamic Therapies
DEVELOPING INSIGHT
1) Object Relations
2) Self Psychology
3) Adler
4) Attachment
5) Depth Psychology
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Theory of Change
- Change occurs through both REPARATIVE experiences within the treatment relationship and from new insight into the modification on entrenched object relations pathology
- What is happening between CLIENT AND THERAPIST
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Therapist’s Role
- Neutral
- Emphasis on TRANSFERENCE and COUNTERTRANFERENCE
- Therapist as a new and GOOD OBJECT
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Treatment Goals
- Providing REPARATIVE experiences and building new internal structures (SELF SOOTHING, POSITIVE TALK)
- Gaining INSIGHT to how past relationships impact client’s functioning
- Improving relationships with self and others
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
- Establish a holding environment
- Build RAPPORT and THERAPEUTIC ALLIANCE through listening, EMPATHYand remaining neutral
- Explore client’s experience
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
- Promote insight and growth through INTERPRETATION
- CONFRONT resistance and primitive DEFENSE MECHANISMS
- Focus on TRANSFERENCE/COUNTERTRANSFERENCE dynamic
- Identify and process PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
- Work through termination and abandonment issues
- CONSOLIDATE interpretations
- REVIEW insights gained in therapy
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Key Concept: PROJECTIVE IDENTIFICATION
- Person will project a thought or belief that they have onto a second person
- The second person is changed by the projection and begins to behave as though they are characterized by those thoughts or beliefs that have been projected
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Key Concept: Splitting
When two contradictory states, such as love and hate, are COMPARTMENTALIZED and NOT INTEGRATED
Object Relations Psychodynamic Therapy
Key Concept: Internalization
Early infant-caretaker interactions lead to the person internalizing basic attitudes toward self and other, characteristic relational patterns and a repertoire of defenses and internal capacities
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Theory of Change
EMPATHY
Change occurs through EMPATHETIC ATTUNEMENT and strengthening the self-structures through optimal responsiveness - understanding experience
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Therapist’s Role
- Emphasis on EMPATHETIC understanding and optimal responsiveness
- Allow emergence of self-object transferences and the repair of disruptions
- REPARENTING the client
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Treatment Goals
- Develop self-cohesion and self-esteem
- Locating better self objects
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
- Establish a therapeutic holding environment
- Demonstrate that the therapist is able to provide CONTAINMENT
- Provide “experience-near” empathy
- Explore client’s problem and history
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
- REPAIR disruptions of the self-object transference
- Addressing enactments
- Empathizing with losses and blows to self
- Mourning loss of self-objects
- Identify alternative self-objects
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
- Reflect on treatment process
- Acknowledge and process issues related to termination
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Key Concept: Mirroring
Approving and confirming responses
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Key Concept: Twinship Transference
Client experiences the therapist as someone like themself
Self Psychology Psychodynamic Therapy
Key Concept: Experience-Near Empathy
- Therapist steps into client’s shoes and imagines what it is like to be the client
- Flush out and clarify experience
Adlerian Therapy
Theory of Change
Change occurs by increasing client’s SELF-AWARENESS and challenging and modifying their fundamental premises, life goals, and basic concepts
Adlerian Therapy
Therapist’s Role
- Accepting, encouraging, respectful, optimistic
- Co-thinker
- Relationship is COLLABORATIVE and built on trust
Adlerian Therapy
Treatment Goals
SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE
- Challenge the client’s basic premises and life goals
- Develop SOCIALLY useful goals and increase social interests
- Increase the client’s sense of belonging
Adlerian Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
- ESTABLISH the relationship: seek person to person contact rather than start with “the problem”
- Help clients become AWARE of their assets and strengths
- Completes assessment using early recollections, questionnaires, and family constellations exploration
- Summary shared with client
- Focus on dynamics that may have influenced the sense of self, inferiority and the world
Adlerian Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
- Encourage self-understanding and INSIGHT through INTERPRETATION
- Clients are positively encouraged to overcome insecure feeling through therapist’s optimism
- Collaboratively explore ways in which client can feel more deeply connected to SOCIAL context
- Support client to turn dysfunctional styles of life into more functional, socially beneficial ones
Adlerian Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
- Putting insights into practice
- Encouraging clients to take risks with new behaviors to act as if they are the people they want to be
Adlerian Therapy
Key Concepts: Inferiority
- Inferiority feelings are always present as a motivating force in behavior
- Source of all human striving
- Individual growth results from compensation, from our attempts to overcome our real or imagined inferiorities
Adlerian Therapy
Key Concepts: Early Recollection
- Used as an assessment tool
- Stories of events that occurred BEFORE AGE 10
- Specific incidents that include what the client thought and felt at the time
Adlerian Therapy
Key Concepts: Family Constellation
- EXPLORATION of the family atmosphere and RELATIONAL dynamics that prevailed in the family when the client was a young child
Adlerian Therapy
Key Concepts: Role Playing
- MIDDLE STAGE
- Offers clients opportunities to add missing experiences to their repertoire
- Explore and practice new behavior in the safety of the therapist’s office
Attachment-based Therapy
Theory of Change
Change occurs through exploration of past and current RELATIONAL attachments and trauma in the environment of a healing, secure and reliable relationship
Attachment-based Therapy
Therapist’s Role
- Provide a sufficiently SECURE BASE to enable a person to explore emotional experiences of the past and the present
- Create a secure, ACCEPTING, caring, non-judgmental, and reliable environment where the client can feel comfortable sharing their most traumatic experiences and exploring the nature of the client’s attachment pattern
Attachment-based Therapy
Treatment Goals
- Raise AWARENESS of client’s problematic behavioral and emotional patterns, formed in early childhood as attempts to maintain attachment to primary caregivers
- REPAIR the capacity to regulate affects
- RESOLVE any emotional or social disruptions within the client’s life
- Improve quality of attachment with others
Attachment-based Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
- ATTUNEMENT is the key intervention at this stage
- Forging a personal relationship with client
- Provide a secure base by reliably demonstrating EMPATHY and care
- Collaboratively identifying client’s attachment style, problematic behavioral and emotional patterns, formed in early childhood as attempts to maintain attachment to primary caregivers
Attachment-based Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
- Disruptions explored, including those in early life, as well as those in current relationships, including the therapist
- Support client’s ability to REGULATE and EXPRESS emotions in relationally difficult situations
- Teaching clients to have a REFLECTIVE stance toward themselves
Attachment-based Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
- REPAIR occurs at late middle phase and end
- Aims to alter the client’s current reactions to the events that cause them emotional distress by sharing their own interpretation
- Therapist helps create new reality of the painful events for client in order to get rid of unwanted emotions and reactions
Attachment-based Therapy
Key Concept: Attachment Behavior System
- Process in which infants and caregivers have an organized pattern of signals and responses that lead to a development of a protecting trusting relationship
- The EMOTIONAL BOND that develops between adult romantic partners is partly a function of the same motivational system
Attachment-based Therapy
Key Concept: Secure Attachment
- Person has easy access to wide range of feelings and memories, positive and negative
- Has a BALANCED view of parents and has worked through hurt and anger from the past
- Has developed a STRONG SENSE OF SELF and empathy for others
Attachment-based Therapy
Key Concept: Preoccupied / Anxious Attachment
- Person is still embroiled with ANGER and HURT at parents
- Sometimes value intimacy to such an extent that they become OVERLY DEPENDENT on the attachment figure both past and present
- Often recall role reversal in childhood and have a hard time seeing their own responsibility in relationships
- Dread ABANDONMENT
Attachment-based Therapy
Key Concept: Dismissive / Avoidant Attachment
- Person DISMISSES the importance of love and connection and the value of emotions in general
- Often IDEALIZES parents, but actual memories don’t corroborate
- Dislike looking inward and often have a shallow, if any, self-reflection
- Often are very independent, dismissive of their own emotionality and have difficulty tolerating the heightened emotions of others
Attachment-based Therapy
Key Concept: Fearful / Avoidant Attachment
- Person usually has a history of TRAUMA and or LOSS
- Dismiss the importance of love and connection but usually out of fear or a belief that they are UNWORTHY of love
- Have difficulty trusting others and may feel uncomfortable with emotional closeness
Depth Psychology Therapy
Theory of Change
SOUL PSYCHOLOGY
- Change occurs through exploring and integrating material from both unconscious and conscious levels of understanding
- Unconscious processes include DREAMS, images, symptoms, intuitions and other non-volitional experiences
- “SOUL speaking out”
Depth Psychology Therapy
Therapist’s Role
Form a critical ALLIANCE which invites client to explore connections and meanings that are BELOW THE SURFACE of conscious awareness ad engages the transpersonal, mysterious space between therapist and client
Depth Psychology Therapy
Treatment Goals
- Increase self-awareness and INNER WISDOM
- Integration of repressed experiences and SHADOW MATERIAL
- INDIVIDUATION: fostering self-awareness through inner and outer exploration of the unconscious, the individual and the wider community, leading to discovery of a more potent sense of meaning and purpose in life
Depth Psychology Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Beginning
Invitation and exploration of material the client brings to therapy, including relational situations, DREAMS, EXPERIENCE, IMAGES, etc.
Depth Psychology Therapy
Phases of Treatment
Middle
- Placing client experience into a mytho-poetic lens, looking at images, myth, story, imagination and archetypal patterns within the conscious and unconscious happenings in client’s life
- Looking for MEANING by orienting one’s experience into the greater human story
Depth Psychology Therapy
Phases of Treatment
End
- Integration of unconscious material often marked by acceptance of taboo subjects and previously discarded aspects of the personality
- Acknowledgment of self-awareness and INNER WISDOM
Depth Psychology Therapy
Key Concept: Archetypes
- Basic patterns of human behavior and situations that seem to be COMMON amongst all people
- Hero, mother, father, orphan, etc
Depth Psychology Therapy
Key Concept: Collective Unconscious
- Passed down through generations and is shared by all people
- UNIVERSAL library of human knowledge
Depth Psychology Therapy
Key Concept: Mythology
Personal symptoms, conflicts, and stucknesses contain a mythic or transpersonal / archetypal core that when interpreted can reintroduce the client to the MEANING of their struggles
Depth Psychology Therapy
Key Concept: Psyche & Soul
- Know these terms
- SOUL is the dimension of the person that makes meaning possible
- Turns events into experiences and deepens the human experience
- Attunes itself to the way the psyche reveals itself
