Psychodynamic Perspectives

Question 1

Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

Answer 1

Personality

Question 2

What did Freud think was the most important motivator of all human activity?

Answer 2

Sexual Drive

Question 3

How did Freud define sex?

Answer 3

Anything that provided organ pleasure. Anything pleasurable.

Question 4

Physical symptoms that have no physical cause

Answer 4

Hysteria

Question 5

What did Freud compare human personality to?

Answer 5

An iceberg. He said that personality exists mostly below the level of awareness.

Question 6

Freud theorized that the human psyche was divided into three categories_______

Answer 6

Id, Ego, and Superego

Question 7

Ruled by pleasure principle, represents impulses and desires

Answer 7

Id

Question 8

Balances conflicting desires of the Id and Superego

Answer 8

Ego

Question 9

Ruled by the moralistic principle, and acts as our conscience.

Answer 9

Superego

Question 10

Tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

Answer 10

Defense Mechanisms

Question 11

Pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind

Answer 11

Repression

Question 12

Parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development

Answer 12

Erogenous Zones

Question 13

During the latency period a child focuses on

Answer 13

nonsexual interests

Question 14

Individual psychology is the view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and strive for perfection over pleasure. Who developed it?

Answer 14

Adler

Question 15

Horney believed that the need for ______ ,not for sex ,is the prime motive in human existence.

Answer 15

Security

Question 16

Horney believed that psychological health is:

Answer 16

Allowing a person to express his or her talents freely and spontaneously.

Question 17

Jung believed that the roots of personality go back to

Answer 17

the dawn of human existence

Question 18

Collective Unconcious

Answer 18

Jung’s name for the impersonal, deepest layer of the subconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.

Experiences of the common past have made a deep, permanent impression on the human mind.

Question 19

Archetypes

Answer 19

emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.

Jung concluded that these appear in art, literature, religion, and dreams.

Predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways.

Question 20

Anima

Answer 20

a passive feminine side

Question 21

Animus

Answer 21

an assertive masculine side

Question 22

Persona

Answer 22

Represents the public mask that we wear during all social interactions.

Jung believed this to be essential because it allows us to always keep some secret part of ourselves hidden from others.

Question 23

Individual Psychology

Answer 23

people are motivated by purposes and goals–thus perfection, not pleasure, is their key motivator.

Question 24

Behavioral Genetics

Answer 24

study of the inherited underpinnings of characteristics.

Question 25

Eysenck's Reticular Activation System Theory

Answer 25

Describes the role of the brain system in personality

Question 26

Social Cognition

Answer 26

The way in which individuals think in social situations; explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

Question 27

Person Perception

Answer 27

The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

Question 28

Social Psychology

Answer 28

The scientific study of how people's thoughts feelings and actions are affected by others

Question 29

Attribution Theory

Answer 29

The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others.

Question 30

Social Comparison

Answer 30

the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.

Question 31

Attitudes

Answer 31

Evaluations of people's behaviors, beliefs, and concepts

Question 32

Altruism

Answer 32

Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs as a cost to oneself.

Question 33

Egoism

Answer 33

giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring,

Question 34

Aggression

Answer 34

social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.

Question 35

Solomon Asch is associated with the study of

Answer 35

Conformity

Question 36

Normative Social Influence

Answer 36

the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.

Question 37

Obedience

Answer 37

is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others

Question 38

Groupthink

Answer 38

type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.

Question 39

Informational Social Influence

Answer 39

The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct

Question 40

Prejudice

Answer 40

an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership.

Question 41

Social Identity

Answer 41

a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

Question 42

Projective Tests align with what theoretical approach?

Answer 42

Psychodynamic

Question 43

What was an important element of Carl Jung's humanistic theory?

Answer 43

Self-concept

Question 44

Which Freudian structure of personality does not consider reality?

Answer 44

Superego

Question 45

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

Answer 45

Relational Aggression

Question 46

A defense mechanism that involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.

Answer 46

Displacement

Question 47

The trait approach to personality has been faulted for

Answer 47

missing the importance of situational factors in personality and behavior.

Question 48

According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as_______?

Answer 48

Reciprocal Determinism

Question 49

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 49

Inconsistency between what you believe and what you do