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Psychology > Psychodynamic Perspectives > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Perspectives Flashcards

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1
Q

Pattern of enduring, distinctive thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that characterize the way an individual adapts to the world.

A

Personality

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2
Q

What did Freud think was the most important motivator of all human activity?

A

Sexual Drive

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3
Q

How did Freud define sex?

A

Anything that provided organ pleasure. Anything pleasurable.

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4
Q

Physical symptoms that have no physical cause

A

Hysteria

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5
Q

What did Freud compare human personality to?

A

An iceberg. He said that personality exists mostly below the level of awareness.

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6
Q

Freud theorized that the human psyche was divided into three categories_______

A

Id, Ego, and Superego

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7
Q

Ruled by pleasure principle, represents impulses and desires

A

Id

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8
Q

Balances conflicting desires of the Id and Superego

A

Ego

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9
Q

Ruled by the moralistic principle, and acts as our conscience.

A

Superego

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10
Q

Tactics that the ego uses to reduce anxiety by unconsciously distorting reality

A

Defense Mechanisms

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11
Q

Pushes unacceptable id impulses back into the unconscious mind

A

Repression

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12
Q

Parts of the body that have especially strong pleasure-giving qualities at particular stages of development

A

Erogenous Zones

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13
Q

During the latency period a child focuses on

A

nonsexual interests

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14
Q

Individual psychology is the view that people are motivated by purposes and goals and strive for perfection over pleasure. Who developed it?

A

Adler

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15
Q

Horney believed that the need for ______ ,not for sex ,is the prime motive in human existence.

A

Security

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16
Q

Horney believed that psychological health is:

A

Allowing a person to express his or her talents freely and spontaneously.

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17
Q

Jung believed that the roots of personality go back to

A

the dawn of human existence

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18
Q

Collective Unconcious

A

Jung’s name for the impersonal, deepest layer of the subconscious mind, shared by all human beings because of their common ancestral past.

Experiences of the common past have made a deep, permanent impression on the human mind.

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19
Q

Archetypes

A

emotionally laden ideas and images that have rich and symbolic meaning for all people.

Jung concluded that these appear in art, literature, religion, and dreams.

Predispositions to respond to the environment in particular ways.

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20
Q

Anima

A

a passive feminine side

21
Q

Animus

A

an assertive masculine side

22
Q

Persona

A

Represents the public mask that we wear during all social interactions.

Jung believed this to be essential because it allows us to always keep some secret part of ourselves hidden from others.

23
Q

Individual Psychology

A

people are motivated by purposes and goals–thus perfection, not pleasure, is their key motivator.

24
Q

Behavioral Genetics

A

study of the inherited underpinnings of characteristics.

25
Q

Eysenck’s Reticular Activation System Theory

A

Describes the role of the brain system in personality

26
Q

Social Cognition

A

The way in which individuals think in social situations; explores how people select, interpret, remember, and use social information.

27
Q

Person Perception

A

The processes by which we use social stimuli to form impressions of others

28
Q

Social Psychology

A

The scientific study of how people’s thoughts feelings and actions are affected by others

29
Q

Attribution Theory

A

The view that people are motivated to discover the underlying causes of behavior, theirs as well as others.

30
Q

Social Comparison

A

the process in which individuals evaluate their thoughts, feelings, behaviors, and abilities in relation to other people.

31
Q

Attitudes

A

Evaluations of people’s behaviors, beliefs, and concepts

32
Q

Altruism

A

Giving aid to another person, even if it incurs as a cost to oneself.

33
Q

Egoism

A

giving to another person to ensure reciprocity, to gain self-esteem, or to present oneself as powerful or caring,

34
Q

Aggression

A

social behavior whose objective is to harm someone physically or verbally.

35
Q

Solomon Asch is associated with the study of

A

Conformity

36
Q

Normative Social Influence

A

the influence that other people have on us because we want them to like and approve of us.

37
Q

Obedience

A

is a change in behavior in response to the commands of others

38
Q

Groupthink

A

type of thinking in which group members share such a strong motivation to achieve consensus that they lose the ability to critically evaluate alternate points of view.

39
Q

Informational Social Influence

A

The influence other people have on us because we want to be correct

40
Q

Prejudice

A

an unjustified negative attitude toward an individual based on his or her group membership.

41
Q

Social Identity

A

a way individuals define themselves in terms of their group membership.

42
Q

Projective Tests align with what theoretical approach?

A

Psychodynamic

43
Q

What was an important element of Carl Jung’s humanistic theory?

A

Self-concept

44
Q

Which Freudian structure of personality does not consider reality?

A

Superego

45
Q

Behavior that is meant to harm the social standing of another person through activities such as gossiping and spreading rumors is known as

A

Relational Aggression

46
Q

A defense mechanism that involves directing unacceptable impulses at a less threatening target.

A

Displacement

47
Q

The trait approach to personality has been faulted for

A

missing the importance of situational factors in personality and behavior.

48
Q

According to Bandura, the way behavior, environment, and person/cognitive factors interact to create personality is described as_______?

A

Reciprocal Determinism

49
Q

Cognitive Dissonance

A

Inconsistency between what you believe and what you do

Psychology (5 decks)

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