Psychodynamic approach Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the assumptions of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • our minds are mostly made of the unconscious which incudes repressed memories
  • these can be accessed through slip of the tounges and dreams
  • there is the preconscious which contains our thoughts and memories which we can access if desired
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2
Q

Describe the role of the Id, Ego and Superego

A
  • the id = operates on pleasure and is based on our unconscious drives and instincts. This is present at birth and is selfish
  • the ego = the mediator between the superego and ID. Develops at around 2 and controls their demands through defence mechanisms
  • the superego = develops around 5, right and wrong. Punishes the ego through guilt
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3
Q

What are the psychosexual stages

A

Oral - 0-1 years - focus of pleasure is the mouth through breast feeding - if unresolved conflict there is oral fixation such as smoking, biting nails

Anal - 1-3 years- focus of pleasure is the anus. They gain pleasure through witholding and expelling faeces. - If there is unresolved conflict they are either perfectionists or messy

Phallic - 3-6- focus of pleasure is the genital area - if unresolved they are narcissitic and reckless

Latency - earlier conflicts are repressed

Genital - sexual desires become conscious during puberty - if unresolved they have difficulty forming relationships

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4
Q

What are defence mechanisms

A
  • developed by the ego
  • repression = forcing out of the conscious mind
  • denial = refusing to acknowledge reality
  • displacement = transferring feelings on another target
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5
Q

Explain freuds study of little hans

A
  • Freud explained that during the phallic stage, boys develop the oedipus complex and girls develop the electra complex
  • freud supported this through studying little hans who developed a phobia of horses. He suggested this was a form of displacement and was symbolic of little hans fear of castration by his father
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6
Q

What is the oedipus and electra complex

A
  • oedipus = little boys develop crushes on their mums and have a muderous hatred for their fathers. However out of fear of castration they repress this and take on their fathers gender roles
  • the opposite for the electra complex but instead they replace the desire of their father with a baby
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7
Q

What are two strengths ?

A
  • RWA, the psychodynamic appraoch developed psychotherapy and psychoanalysis and used the analysis of dreams to access the unconscious and bring up repressed emotions. This lead to the development of counselling
  • Freuds theory’s can also explain human behaviour and explain why morals and gender roles are developed in humans. It also connects behaviour to childhood, helping us understand human behaviour
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8
Q

what is a limitation of this

A
  • It is untestable and freuds theorys are based on subjective studys such as little hans. This means it does not meet the criteria of falsification and is not an established factual study
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