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Psych (1.4) Key Approaches > Psychodynamic > Flashcards

Psychodynamic Flashcards

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1
Q

Who essentially created the whole of the psychodynamic approach?

A

Sigmund Freud.

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2
Q

What is the assumption of the approach?

A

All behaviour is driven by the unconscious mind and that early childhood affects later life and behaviour.

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3
Q

What are the features of the psychodynamic approach?

A
  • 3 levels of the mind.
  • 3 parts of personality.
  • 3 ego defence mechanisms.
  • 5 psycho sexual stages.
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4
Q

What are the 3 levels of the mind?

A
  • Conscious mind
  • Pre-conscious mind
  • Unconscious mind
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5
Q

What is the conscious mind?

A
  • things we are aware that we are thinking about.
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6
Q

What is the pre-conscious mind?

A
  • beyond conscious awareness, but still accessible.
  • available through therapy or dream analysis.
  • stops the conscious mind from being overworked.
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7
Q

What is the unconscious mind?

A
  • a mass of ideas.
  • controls sexual drives.
  • stores traumatic and distressing events.
  • memories are stored here through repression.
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8
Q

The iceberg analogy is used to describe which feature of the approach?

A

The 3 parts of the mind:

Conscious, Pre-conscious and Unconscious.

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9
Q

According to Freud, what part of the mind is expressed in dreams?

A

The pre-conscious as we are not aware we are thinking these thoughts but they are active in our mind.

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10
Q

According to Freud, which part of the mind controls our sexual drives?

A

Unconscious mind.

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11
Q

According to Freud, therapy can access thoughts from which part of the mind?

A

Pre-conscious mind.

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of the personality?

A

Id, Ego and Superego.

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13
Q

What is the Id?

A

The pleasure principle

  • Seeks instant satisfaction.
  • Present from birth.
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14
Q

What is the Superego?

A

The morality principle

  • Knows what is right and wrong.
  • Strives for the good.
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15
Q

What is the Ego?

A

The reality principle

- Works to satisfy both the id and superego.

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16
Q

What are the three ego defence mechanisms?

A

Denial, repression and displacement.

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17
Q

What is denial?

A

The refusal to accept the reality of a situation.

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18
Q

What is repression?

A

Forcing a distressing memories from the conscious mind.

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19
Q

What is displacement?

A

Transferring feeling from the true to a substitute target.

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20
Q

List in order the 5 psychosexual stages?

A 
Oral
Anal
Phallic
Latent
Genital
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21
Q

What acronym can be used to remember the psychosexual stages?

A 
Old 
Age 
Pensioners
Like 
Golf
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22
Q

Freud believed all children were born with ‘libido’, what does this mean?

A

Sexual energy that is expressed as they grow up.

23
Q

What are eroginous zones?

A

As a child grows, different areas of the body become more sensitive and stimulated, these are eroginous zones.

24
Q

What is fixation and how does it occur?

A

Children had to pass through all of the psychosexual stages, or they become ‘stuck’ in a stage and carry certain behaviours and conflicts associated with the stage through adult life.

25
Q

What is the oral stage?

A

The focus of pleasure is the mouth, the mother’s breast is the object of desire (milk).

26
Q

Between what ages is a child in the oral stage?

A

0 - 1 years.

27
Q

What are the consequences of being fixated in the oral stage?

A

Oral fixation =

  • Smoking
  • Nail Biting
  • Sarcastic
  • Critical
28
Q

What is the anal stage?

A

The focus of pleasure is the anus, child gains pleasure from withholding or expelling faeces.

29
Q

What are the two types of anal fixation?

A

Anal Retentive.

Anal Expulsive.

30
Q

What are the consequences of being fixated in the anal stage?

A 
Retentive =
 - Perfectionist
 - Obsessive
Expulsive =
 - Thoughtless
 - Messy
31
Q

In which psychosexual stage does the Oedipus or Electra complex occur?

A

The phallic stage.

32
Q

When does the phallic stage occur?

A

Between 3 and 5 years.

33
Q

What is the phallic stage?

A

The focus of pleasure is the genital area, the child experiences either the Oedipus and Electra complex.

34
Q

Which complex is experienced by boys and which by girls?

A

Boys experience the Oedipus complex.

Girls experience the Electra complex.

35
Q

What happens in the Oedipus complex?

A

Oedipus complex =

  • Little boys desire their mothers.
  • They fear their father will find out and castrate them.
  • Suffer from castration envy
  • So they identify morally with their father.
36
Q

What happens in the Electra complex?

A

Electra complex =

  • Little girls desire their fathers.
  • They are jealous of their mothers being with their father.
  • They fear their mother has been castrated as she doesn’t have a penis.
  • They start to desire a baby rather than a penis.
37
Q

If someone is stuck in the phallic stage, what traits may they show as an adult.

A

Phallic fixation =

  • Narcissist
  • Reckless
  • Possibly homosexual
38
Q

When is a child in the latent stage?

A

Between 5 years and puberty.

39
Q

What happens to a child in the latent stage?

A

The focus of friendship and social relationships, sexual erges remain dormant or are repressed.

40
Q

When is the genital stage?

A

From puberty onwards.

41
Q

What is the consequence of being fixated in the genital stage?

A

Difficulty forming heterosexual relationships.

42
Q

What happens in the genital stage?

A

Sexual desires and urges are dominant and there is a focus on sex and relationships.

43
Q

The approach sexualises children:

A

The sexualisation of children is a major negative of the approach as it theorises children younger than 5 having a focus of pleasure on the genitals. This can be very uncomfortable for many due to the illegal nature of it.

44
Q

The approach is unscientific:

A

Many concepts of the approach are unscientific as many of the concepts are unobservable. Therefore, the approach is unfalsifiable and his case study methods were heavily reliant on interpretation.

45
Q

The approach mainly used case study’s:

A

This is a disadvantage as they rely heavily on interpretations of singular one-off studies. This means they lack external validity and scientific rigour.

46
Q

What was the main case study used?

A

Little Hans.

47
Q

The approach considers the role of early childhood:

A

This is an advantage as it considers free will and nurture in determining how an adult will turn out. Traumatic events from childhood are repressed into the subconscious which can explain certain adult behaviours.

48
Q

The approach mainly studied middle-aged women:

A

This is a disadvantage as minds change as people grow and mature differently so only studying one aged and one gender lacks the reliability to generalise to all.

49
Q

The approach has great explanatory power and influence:

A

The approach was beneficial for the development of psychology as it was a dominant force for the first half of the 20th century and has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena.

50
Q

The approach has great explanatory power and influence:

A

The approach was beneficial for the development of psychology as it was a dominant force for the first half of the 20th century and has been used to explain a wide range of phenomena such as personality development.

51
Q

The approach took a view of psychic determinism:

A

Freud believed there was no such thing as ‘an accident’, everything is driven by the unconscious mind such as a slip of the tongue. Our childhood experiences determine our futures.

52
Q

The approach has practical application:

A

An advantage of the approach is that it brought a new form of therapy; psychoanalysis. This is the fore-runner for many modern day therapies.

53
Q

Identify the ID, Ego and Superego for when you notice a wallet of $20 notes on a seat.

A 
ID = Steal the whole wallet of money.
Ego = Take a little money and hand the rest in.
Superego = Give the whole wallet in.
54
Q

Identify the ID, Ego and Superego for when you get cut off while driving home.

A 
ID = Follow them or harass them.
Ego = Honk your horn then leave it.
Superego = Let them cut you off.

Psych (1.4) Key Approaches (9 decks)

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