Humanism

Question 1

Who were the main two drivers of the approaches emergence in 1950’s america.

Answer 1

Carl Rogers and Abraham Maslow.
Rogers = Real and ideal self.
Maslow = Hierarchy of needs.

Question 2

What are the assumptions of the approach?

Answer 2

All humans are inherently good people, they are driven by free will and should be studied holistically.

Question 3

What are the two features of the approach?

Answer 3

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs.

Rogers real and ideal self.

Question 4

What are conditions of worth?

Answer 4

When you are told that you will only be a valuable person if you behave in a certain way.

Question 5

What is self-actualisation?

Answer 5

Achieving one’s true potential in life.

Question 6

What is free will?

Answer 6

The ability to choose one’s own behaviour, it is not determined by factors outside of the individual’s control.

Question 7

What is the ideal self?

Answer 7

The person who you would like to be.

Question 8

What is the actual self?

Answer 8

The person who you really are at the moment.

Question 9

What is incongruence?

Answer 9

When the ideal self and the actual self are different, it can lead to low self-esteem and depression.

Question 10

What can a high level of incongruence lead to?

Answer 10

Low self-esteem and depression.

Question 11

What is unconditional positive regard?

Answer 11

Valuing the person for who they are no matter what they do, it reduces incongruence.

Question 12

What is person-centred therapy?

Answer 12

A form of therapy where the individual uses their free will to grow and develop. It is designed to reduce incongruence as the client makes their own decisions.

Question 13

What is holism?

Answer 13

Understanding the individual as a whole rather than component parts.

Question 14

What is a hierarchy of needs?

Answer 14

The needs that have to be satisfied in order to achieve self-actualisation.

Question 15

What is the aim of unconditional positive regard?

Answer 15

To reduce incongruence, which leads to better self-esteem.

Question 16

What is the aim of person-centred therapy?

Answer 16

It is designed to reduce incongruence, which boosts self-esteem.

Question 17

Put simply, what is Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

Answer 17

A series of stages to aid develop as a human.

Question 18

How many levels are on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs?

- Name each one:

Answer 18

5 levels:

• Physiological needs.
• Safety and security.
• Love and belonging.
• Self-esteem.
• Self-actualisation.

Question 19

What is the top level in Maslow’s triangle?

Answer 19

Self-actualisation; reaching your full potential, however it is different for everyone.

Question 20

What is the first level in Maslow’s triangle?

Answer 20

Physiological needs; such as food, water, air, shelter or fire.

Question 21

How does Maslow’s triangle work?

Answer 21

A person starts at the bottom and works their way up, they go through each stage of the triangle to develop as a human being.

Question 22

Maslow’s hierarchy is based upon what sort of culture?

Answer 22

An individualistic culture; it is materialistic, based on personal achievement and working alone. Usually in western countrys

Question 23

Maslow’s hierarchy is culturally restricted:

Answer 23

The hierarchy is only applicable for individualistic cultures, found mainly in western countrys such as the UK and US, individualistic cultures are based mainly on personal achievement and success while in more collectivist cultures the feature does not apply as there is more emphasis on working together and cooperating.

Question 24

What are the two main cultures, and which does Maslow’s theory apply to?

Answer 24

Individualistic and collectivist cultures; the theory only applies to individualistic cultures as it focuses on personal development and achievement.

Question 25

Which culture is typically eastern?

Answer 25

Collectivist cultures; they are based around family and friends being important and focus on working together rather than alone.

Question 26

Which culture is typically western?

Answer 26

Individualistic cultures; they are materialistic and based upon personal achievement and working alone.

Question 27

What feature of the approach was created by Carl Rogers?

Answer 27

The idea of the real and ideal self.

Question 28

What real life application did Rogers real and ideal self aid the creation of?

Answer 28

Client centred therapy - to remove conditions of worth and remove incoherence.

Question 29

If the real and ideal self are very distant, then what does Rogers say the person is likely to suffer from?

Answer 29

Low self-esteem and depression.

Question 30

What is this statement an example of?

“I love you, but i will love you even more if you clean your room”

Answer 30

A condition of worth.

Question 31

What does a therapist do during unconditional positive regard?

Answer 31

The therapist works to find the good in every situation.

Question 32

The approach has a positive outlook on humans:

Answer 32

Humanistic psychologists have been praised for promoting a positive image of the human condition. The approach offers an optimistic view, seeing all people as inherently good.

Question 33

The approach does include some unstable concepts:

Answer 33

Some concepts are vague and abstract such as self-actualisation and congruence. The anti-scientific approach is short on empirical evidence to support its claim.

Question 34

The approach undertakes the view of holism:

Answer 34

The idea that subjective experiences can be understood by studying a person as a whole, this adds validity as it considers meaningful human behaviour within its real-life context.

Question 35

How did Carl Rogers try to introduce more rigour into his work?

Answer 35

By developing a Q-sort, an objective measure of progress in therapy.