Psychodynamic

Question 1

Sigmund Freud

Answer 1

Designed therapy that focused on the individual, intentionally excluded family. Sex and Aggression

Question 2

Melanie Klein, Ronald Fairbarin, and Donald Winnicott

Answer 2

Concentrated on the nature of interpersonal relationships as fundamental drives.

Question 3

Jill and David Scharff

Answer 3

First to apply object relations theory to treatment of marital conflict. Leading figures in Psychodynamic Family Therapy. Started at the Washington School.

Question 4

James Framo

Answer 4

His work combines intergenerational and object relations approaches to family therapy - Family of Origin Approach

Question 5

Object Relation Theory

Answer 5

“We relate to others on the basis of expectations formed by early experience”. Bridges gap between psychoanalysis and family therapy. Selfhood and identity are formed and maintained through relationships in past and present

Question 6

Freudian drive psychology

Answer 6

At the heart of human nature are two drives: libidinal and aggressive.

Question 7

Self psychology

Answer 7

Based on idea that every human being longs to be appreciated.

Question 8

Internal Objects

Answer 8

Mental Images of self and others built up from experience and expectation.

Question 9

National Institute of Mental Health

Answer 9

Ryckoff, Cohen, Day, & Wynne. Studied schizophrenia and their families.

Question 10

Ryckoff & Wynne

Answer 10

Inaugurated a course of family dynamics at the Washington School which led to family training programs. 1960s.

Question 11

Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy

Answer 11

Contextual Therapy. Believed that rational ethics were a fundamental force that holds family and societal relationships together. Discussed the concepts of Loyalty, Entitlements, and the Ledger. Viewed parentification as a “revolving slate of injustice”. Exoneration was forgiveness of FOO to release the hold of the past.

Question 12

Splitting

Answer 12

When two ideas conflict, a child “splits off” the bad aspects from the good aspects to maintain continuity.

Question 13

Self Objects

Answer 13

Something that is experienced as a part of the self; talking about parents as “self-objects” in family therapy, as children do not see their parents as separate from themselves.

Question 14

Mirroring

Answer 14

Understanding plus acceptance. One of two things essential in self-psychology to the development of a secure and cohesive self, along with Idealization.

Question 15

Idealization

Answer 15

The child thinks of the parent as ideal, and as they see the child as a part of their parent the child gains self-esteem. One of two things essential in self-psychology to the development of a secure and cohesive self along with Mirroring.

Question 16

Daniel Stern

Answer 16

Traced the development of the self through detailed observations of infants and children - Proposed that infants begin individualization at birth and then move towards relatedness and away from individualization. The most recent contribution to psychoanalytic family therapy.

Question 17

Contextual Family Therapy

Answer 17

Ivan Boszormenyi-Nagy. Emphasizes the ethical dimension of family development and the importance of decency and fairness.

Question 18

Transference

Answer 18

Freud - Someone displacing their feelings towards someone onto another person. Developed into a term that describes client putting their feelings onto therapist.

Question 19

Countertransference

Answer 19

Therapist projecting their feelings onto client.

Question 20

Projective Identification

Answer 20

A subject perceives an object as if it contains unwelcome elements of the subject’s personality - you project something you don’t like about yourself onto other’s.

Question 21

Psychoanalytic Theory: Development of behavior disorders

Answer 21

Poor adjustment is a result of inadequate separation – parent’s failure to accept their children as separate beings can take extreme form. Failure to develop a cohesive sense of self and a differentiated identity causes intense emotional attachment to the family

Question 22

Regression

Answer 22

When faced with too much stress, families revert to an earlier level of development

Question 23

Fixation

Answer 23

Families function adequately until they are overtaxed, at which point they become stuck in dysfunctional patterns.

Question 24

Goals of Psychoanalytic Theory

Answer 24

Intrapsychic restructuring or personality change. Family members are freed of unconscious restrictions and individuals are helped to reintegrate split-off parts of themselves in order to become fully integrated or cohesive. Most common objectives are differentiation or separation/individuation

Question 25

Invisible Loyalties

Answer 25

Nagy. Unconscious commitments children take on to help their families to the detriment of their own wellbeing. EG, a kid getting sick to keep their family together.

Question 26

Loyalty (Contextual Family Therapy)

Answer 26

Nagy believed that families owe each other loyalties and earn merits through supporting one another.

Question 27

Analytic Neutrality

Answer 27

Therapist technique. Understanding without worrying about solving problems. Do not get anxious about preventing fights. Being aware of transference (client putting feelings on therapist) and countertransference (therapist putting feelings on client)

Question 28

Working Through

Answer 28

Developing insight and understanding and then urging client to consider what they are going to do about the problems they discuss.

Question 29

James Framo

Answer 29

Believed deeply in the value of bringing multiple generations/FOO into session in order to alleviate problems in the current relationship; progresses from present oriented individual and couple work to more historical oriented FOO work and family sessions. Multi-day, multi-hour FOO sessions.

Question 30

Narcissism (Psychoanalytic)

Answer 30

The unhappy child cheated out of affirmation will move through life craving attention